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Genomic underpinnings of head and body shape in Arctic charr ecomorph pairs
  • +2
  • Sam Fenton,
  • Arne Jacobs,
  • Colin Bean,
  • Colin Adams,
  • Kathryn Elmer
Sam Fenton
University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences
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Arne Jacobs
University of Glasgow College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences
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Colin Bean
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Colin Adams
University of Glasgow
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Kathryn Elmer
University of Glasgow

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Abstract

Across its Holarctic range, Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) populations have diverged into distinct trophic specialists across independent replicate lakes. The major aspect of divergence between ecomorphs is in head shape and body shape, which are ecomorphological traits reflecting niche use. However, whether the genomic underpinnings of these parallel divergences are consistent across replicates was unknown but key for resolving the substrate of parallel evolution. We investigated the genomic basis of head shape and body shape morphology across four benthivore-planktivore ecomorph pairs of Arctic charr in Scotland. Through genome-wide association analyses, we found genomic regions associated with head shape (89 SNPs) or body shape (180 SNPs) separately and 50 of these SNPs were strongly associated with both body and head shape morphology. For each trait separately, only a small number of SNPs were shared across all ecomorph pairs (3 SNPs for head shape and 10 SNPs for body shape). Signs of selection on the associated genomic regions varied across pairs, consistent with evolutionary demography differing considerably across lakes. Using a comprehensive database of salmonid QTLs newly augmented and mapped to a charr genome, we found several of the head and body shape associated SNPs were within or near morphology QTLs from other salmonid species, reflecting a shared genetic basis for these phenotypes across species. Overall, our results demonstrate how parallel ecotype divergences can have both population-specific and deeply shared genomic underpinnings across replicates, influenced by differences in their environments and demographic histories.
04 Oct 2023Submitted to Molecular Ecology
05 Oct 2023Submission Checks Completed
05 Oct 2023Assigned to Editor
05 Oct 2023Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
07 Oct 2023Reviewer(s) Assigned
31 Jan 20241st Revision Received
01 Feb 2024Submission Checks Completed
01 Feb 2024Assigned to Editor
01 Feb 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
05 Feb 2024Editorial Decision: Accept
29 Feb 2024Published in Molecular Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/mec.17305