Pulse oximeters are of critical importance in emergency medicine and for the diagnosis of patients with respiratory and/or cardiac problems. There are dearth of pulse-oximeters in the market, some get sold by mere brand name and other's devices, clinical practitioners cannot distinguish between other competitive products when some of these products have similar(even exact) performance as cheaper ones, few last longer and comparable with watches and applets, and this is because such devices implement exactly the same methodology. This paper is a good synopsis of clinical theory and presents the physiologic limitations of oxygen saturation monitoring even by clinical grade pulse oximeters. This paper bring into light the practical challenges and highlights what makes a device inaccurate or a reliable device and a clinical grade oximeter, essential performance in compliance with standards, and how can even an expensive device readings can be erroneously interpreted or show discrepancies and errors.

A document by Abhishek Bansal . Click on the document to view its contents.

This is the second part of two-part series where the novel hybrid design of 1.5 MVA 25kV traction powered by 415 kW solar grid, capable of fully supporting the entire load of the section of the Govt./DISCOM railway feeder has been presented. In this second Part-II, the per-unit system, zero sequence network diagram, controller design, fault calculations (L-L, L-G), idmt relay settings, safety measures and guaranteed scheme of relay trip coordination with 1.5 MVA 132kV/25kV State utility owned feeder and proposed 1.5 MVA 25kV feeder has been explained. The whole proposal is also simulated and the results are in the dataset. railway distribution feeder along with various compensators is explained. The whole proposal I have left r&d, so will not correct update or complete papers. The earlier version of two parts, which was able to get saved from computer crash is uploaded.

This is a four-part paper series, which elaborates the novel hybrid design where the rated capacity of 415 kW solar power plant producing guaranteed 1.66 MWh per day, owned by a private firm supplies electrical energy to its privately served consumers and also feeds 25 kV railway distribution feeder located 20 Km away from the premises. This 415V transmission is boosted and feeds the lagging feeding post of 40 km long traction line which has hybrid 132 kV/25 kV transmission from DISCOM or Govt. owned substation, supporting train speed upto 160km/hr. These four part paper series are complete guide, enough to motivate investors and successfully demonstrates relay trip coordination, leading the role of one section of feeding post from 132 kV/25kV utility and handling of other safety and fault conditions. In this Part-1, the solar plant design with anti-islanding, guaranteed uninterrupted power supply, typical railway distribution feeder, design of proposed feeder - its connection to feeder, mounting pole, booster transformer, circuit breakers, isolators, lightening arresters, has been explained. The whole proposal is also simulated and the results are in the dataset. I have left r&d, so will not correct update or complete papers. The earlier version of two parts, which was able to get saved from computer crash is uploaded.

In this paper, an important novel study with interesting conclusions on algebraic cubic curves and elliptic curves is being presented. Various popular algebraic cubic curves and elliptic curves viz., Ochoa curve, Mordell curve, projection, birational transformation, Conchoid of de Sluze, Maltese cross curve, Semicubical Parabola, Tschirnhausen Cubic, Right Strophoid, Strophoid, have been studied to find exhaustively which could resemble with the same shape but with a different degree of polynomial and coefficient. The affect of higher order polynomials and the accuracy obtained with RMSE and interpolation has also been studied and in total 392 plots are submitted with equations. The manuscript has three novelties - different curves obtained by changing coefficients, the solutions in both x and y are given and the roots which are obtained from the algebraic curve equation, are again interpolated with different degrees viz., degree 2, 4, 6 and 10, with root mean square error.

This paper presents the analysis of thermal management and cooling DC fan,which cools multi-cores (four cores of Cortex A53 and two cores of Cortes R5F) processor system on a chip and associated components mounted on a single board computer of XCZU3EG-1SBVA484E by forced convection, optimizing the design, operational conditions and maximizing the performance.

In this paper 100 hyperelliptic curve equations are studied with varying coefficients. Random polynomial equations with even degree of 64 and the interpolation variants of cubic curves like elliptic curve, Ochoa curve, Mordell curve, projection, birational transformation, Conchoid of de Sluze, Maltese cross curve, Semicubical Parabola, Tschirnhausen Cubic, Right Strophoid, Strophoid, studied in paper - â\euro˜Abyss and Game of Polynomials and Coefficients : Algebraic Cubic And Elliptic Curvesâ\euro™ are equated in the hyperelliptic curve equation and 372 plots obtained are submitted. The aim of this study is to see if the hyperelliptic equation is equated with the cubic interpolated equations which are of order 4th, 6th or 10th degree( of the cubic polynomial ) , what they transform into - elliptic curves, or hyperelliptic curves remain preserved or how much shape or the geometry remains preserved?

In this paper, the comparsion between pulse width modulation(PWM), Direct Memory Access(DMA), power supply and current consumption by peripherals and core in five processors viz., SAMD21G18A, TMS570LS0432, AM3352BZCED60, AM1808EZCE and XCZU3EG-1SBVA484E is studied from designing point of view in applications where power generation, power consumption and autonomy is critical. The contrast has been drawn from datasheets, reference manual and minor calculations and is basically a synopsis.

This paper presents the collection of 385 new images and results, obtained after performing many known image processing algorithms and digital image transformations techniques like adding noises namely Gaussian with variances, Poisson and speckle with variances; double precision, methods of Sobel, Prewitt and Robert; dehazing algorithm, pixel intensities, vector quantization, k-means clustering, fuzzy logic and morphological segmentation. Images used in this paper are five X-Rays at day 0, day3, day 4 and day 6, which are Posterior to Anterior (PA) views of the patient’s lungs who was diagnosed with covid-19 Pneumonia. All results are included in the paper as well as separate images have also been uploaded on the open-access page. The data has been analyzed with histogram and mathematical polynomial fitting equations and matrices have been also submitted which can used in the digital testing of machines or computer diagnostic solutions. As these results reveal certain patterns, these further processed X-Ray results can help researchers or doctors in understanding ailment or diagnosing and to pharmacologists in making medicine or machine/therapy.

This paper presents the simulated study of 72Ah battery bank, where the possibile causes of faults are analyzed  due to varying temp. conditions from 22º Celsius to 59º Celsius (71.6º F to 138.2º F), charging conditions, which can lead to short-circuit, potentially causing electrical shock, fire hazard, personal injury,property damage etc. Each cell is 3.7 V, 6.66 Wh,1800 mA.The system comprises of 400 cells in 40 parallel arrays with 10 cells in each array and four battery management system (BMS) designs were used in the simualtion. The short-circuit study has been divided into two fault categories. First one due to faults inside the design of battery management system (BMS) alone in which nine faults are studied where the simulation was run for 20 hours (72000 seconds) of simulation time for each of the nine fauts, that is 180 hrs or 648000 seconds of simulation time. The second fault cause is attributed due to mixed faults which comprises faults due to batteries in battery bank and due to faulty BMS which resulted in improper charging of the cells. Eleven faults are found in the second case, where again, the simulation was run for 20 hours (72000 seconds) of simulation time for each of the eleven fauts, that is 220 hrs or 792000 seconds. In total, the simulation study is of 1440 000 seconds or 400 hrs or 16.666 days. The data leading to this study and conclusions has also been uploaded.

In the first part, uncompensated and unstable polynomials from 2nd order to 10th order are mentioned and it was also concluded that control loops are unstable, the change in coefficients could be seen in the list. In this part, rather taking such unpractical or impractical circuit (or novel B circuit or novel B-topology), a practical ‘buck-boost’ known circuit and its stability has been explored. The known working circuit is assumed as a black box and is declared as  equipment under test (EUT) with just input and output and the control loop stability would be investigated using compensators. The author examines the stability and analyses how the abyss of coefficients change with respect to different compensators when the MOSFET switching frequency is changed from 50 Hz to  1.999 MHz or 1999 kHz. Due to large number,this paper studies the abyss of stability and unstability, the game of coefficients, upto third order polynomials. The Bode plots of the compensators designed with P, I, PID, series PI, parallel PI, One pole one zero (1P1Z), multipoles, two pole two zero (2P2Z) and three pole three zero (3P3Z) are submitted. The known theory is also explained as summary. This paper is also the transcript of the proposed invited talk as speaker in some conference.

This is a two-part series paper. In this first part of the novel paper, nine uncompensated transfer functions from second (2nd) order upto tenth (10th) order of a solar boost converter which boosts 25V of 255W solar panel to  upto 350VDC. The aim of the study is to see what changes in coefficients of polynomials happen from second (2nd) order upto tenth (10th)  when the switching frequency is changed from 100 kHz to  1.999 MHz or 1999 kHz. The aim of this paper is transfer functions, not circuits. The graphs/plots showing the voltages level achieved during the change of MOSFET switching frequency from 100 kHz to 1.999 MHz are submitted. The results are used in designing compensator and improving patent -  novel B, which is explored in Part-II.