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High-Throughput Sequencing of 5S-IGS rDNA in Fagus L. (Fagaceae) reveals complex evolutionary patterns and hybrid origin of modern species
  • +9
  • Simone Cardoni,
  • Roberta Piredda,
  • Thomas Denk,
  • Guido Grimm,
  • Aristotelis Papageorgiou,
  • Ernst-Detlef Schulze,
  • Anna Scoppola,
  • Parvin Shanjani,
  • Yoshihisa Suyama,
  • Nobuhiro Tomaru,
  • James Worth,
  • Marco Simeone
Simone Cardoni
Università degli Studi della Tuscia Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali
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Roberta Piredda
Università della Tuscia
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Thomas Denk
Swedish Museum of Natural History
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Guido Grimm
University of Vienna
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Aristotelis Papageorgiou
Democritus University of Thrace Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry
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Ernst-Detlef Schulze
Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
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Anna Scoppola
Università degli Studi della Tuscia Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali
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Parvin Shanjani
Natural Resources Gene Bank, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization
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Yoshihisa Suyama
Tohoku University
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Nobuhiro Tomaru
Nagoya University
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James Worth
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Marco Simeone
Università degli Studi della Tuscia Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Forestali

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Abstract

Standard models of speciation assume strictly dichotomous genealogies in which a species, the ancestor, is replaced by two offspring species. The reality is more complex: plant species can evolve from other species via isolation when genetic drift exceeds gene flow; lineage mixing can give rise to new species (hybrid taxa such as nothospecies and allopolyploids). The multi-copy, potentially multi-locus 5S rDNA is one of few gene regions conserving signal from dichotomous and reticulate evolutionary processes down to the level of intra-genomic recombination. Here, we provide the first high-throughput sequencing (HTS) 5S intergenic spacer (5S-IGS) data for a lineage of wind-pollinated subtropical to temperate trees, the Fagus crenata – F. sylvatica s.l. lineage, and its distant relative F. japonica. The observed 4,963 unique 5S-IGS variants reflect a long history of repeated incomplete lineage sorting and lineage mixing since the early Cenozoic of two or more paralogous-homoeologous 5S rDNA lineages. Extant species of Fagus are genetic mosaics and, at least to some part, of hybrid origin.