Nine cases of recurrence and metastasis of retinoblastoma with stable
primary tumors
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment, and
outcomes of metastatic and recurrent retinoblastoma in patients with
stable primary tumors. Methods: Clinical data were reviewed for nine
patients (two boys and seven girls; median age, 23 months) with stable
primary tumors who exhibited metastatic and recurrent retinoblastoma.
All patients were treated in the Pediatrics Department of our hospital
in the past 5 years. The clinical characteristics, treatment methods,
and patient prognoses were recorded. Results: Of the nine patients,
three had binocular disease and six had monocular disease (n=12 eyes in
this study). The median interval between the end of initial treatment
and onset of recurrence was 12 months (range, 3–96 months). Of the nine
patients, primary tumors were proved to be stable, seven had bone
metastasis, five had lymph node metastasis, two had parotid gland
involvement, and three had bone marrow infiltration. At the end of the
study period, one patient was lost to follow-up, one patient died, seven
patients were alive and three of them were in complete remission and
survived disease-free until the end of follow-up. In December 2020, the
median overall survival after onset was 32.0 months (range, 18–155
months); the median overall survival after recurrence was 18.0 months
(range, 5–34 months). Conclusions: Recurrent and metastatic
retinoblastomas are uncommon and easily misdiagnosed at an early stage
in patients with stable primary tumors. These cancers can be effectively
treated using systemic intravenous chemotherapy combined with surgery,
radiotherapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.