In this review paper, we explore the complex relationship between sleep duration and stroke risk, outlining the association of both insufficient sleep and excessive sleep with an increased risk of cerebrovascular diseases. We explore a U-shaped relationship between sleep duration and cardiovascular outcomes, including stroke. Our review explores findings from cohort studies, meta-analyses, and Mendelian randomization studies, highlighting the nuanced findings and identifying gaps in the current literature. We address the direct and indirect effects of sleep duration on stroke risk, considering factors like atherosclerosis, atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. We also discuss the methodological challenges inherent in current studies, such as the reliance on self-reported sleep measures and the need for more objective and comprehensive assessments. The paper emphasizes the importance of recognizing individual variations in optimal sleep duration and the potential confounding effects of sleep quality and other sleep-related disorders on stroke risk. Furthermore, we explore the potential mechanisms by which sleep duration may influence endothelial function, oxidative stress, and vascular compliance, suggesting areas for future investigation. The paper makes a compelling case for the inclusion of sleep duration as a key factor in stroke prevention strategies, recommending that healthcare professionals proactively assess and manage sleep patterns to mitigate stroke risk.
