Outcomes of hypercalcemia in patients with Multiple Myeloma: A
Population-Based Study Using National Inpatient Sample (NIS) Database
Abstract
Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) has different complications,
including renal failure, anemia, infections, metabolic complications,
and skeletal problems. Hypercalcemia is the most common metabolic
complication, and the presence of hypercalcemia indicates worse
outcomes. Aims: The study aims to examine outcomes such as
hospitalization costs, length of stay, survival rates, and the incidence
of complications of hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma patients admitted
in the United States from 2017 to 2020. Methods: We performed a
retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample database to
determine the incidence of hypercalcemia in patients admitted to United
States hospitals from 2017 to 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic
regression were used to calculate the odds ratio. We used STATA software
17 to perform the analysis. Results: We found that the total
number of patients with MM was 437799, out of which 8.6% had
hypercalcemia. The mean age of the patients was 69 years, and
hypercalcemia was found to be more common in males (55%) than females
(45%). The presence of hypercalcemia was also associated with increased
mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, p-value 0.00). It was also seen that
MM patients who had hypercalcemia had a higher risk of complications,
including acute kidney injury (OR 3, p<0.05), hyperkalemia (OR
1.8, p-value <0.05), metabolic acidosis (1.4, p-value
<0.05), spinal cord compression (OR 0.9, p-value
>0.05), increased length of stay (OR 3, p-value
<0.05), and higher cost of hospitalizations (p-value
<0.05). Conclusion: The data is also limited to the
demographic characteristics, impact, and outcomes of hypercalcemia on
patients with MM. This study contributes valuable insights into the
clinical implications of hypercalcemia in patients with multiple myeloma
(MM). It fills existing gaps in the literature by utilizing a large
population-based dataset.