This study evaluates the sustainability of domestic natural gas transportation and usage in Nigeria, focusing on diversification into Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) for the transportation and domestic sectors. The research is motivated by Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) company’s 18% profit decline due to East Africa’s offshore discoveries and US shale gas emergence..Using computer software applications like Aspen HYSYS v7.1, Finite Element Analysis (FEA), Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), and Auto-CAD, the study:- Assesses gas diversification capacity- Determines pipeline pressure distribution- Designs a 24’ ’ carbon steel pipeline- Simulates process separation of heavy hydrocarbons (C3 and C4) using HYSYS and P&ID ColumnThe research finds that 45% local utilization of natural gas, either industrially or domestically, can enhance Nigeria’s GDP growth. The study recommends diversification into CNG and LPG, and investment in infrastructure and technology to enhance sustainability in Nigeria’s natural gas sector.

INTRODUCTIONCorrosion is a significant problem in various industries, including marine, aerospace, and construction, resulting in substantial economic losses and safety risks. Mild steel, a widely used material, is susceptible to corrosion, particularly in harsh environments like seawater. The use of corrosion inhibitors is a common method to mitigate corrosion. However, most commercial inhibitors are toxic and hazardous to the environment. Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring eco-friendly and sustainable corrosion inhibitors. Onion extract, a natural and non-toxic substance, has shown promising corrosion inhibition properties. This research aims to investigate the effectiveness of onion extract as a corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a sodium chloride medium, simulating seawater conditions. Corrosion is an electrochemical process that occurs when metals react with their environment, resulting in the deterioration of the metal surface. Mild steel, a type of carbon steel, is widely used in various applications due to its strength, durability, and affordability. However, its high reactivity makes it prone to corrosion, particularly in environments with high chloride ion concentrations, such as seawater. The use of corrosion inhibitors is a common method to reduce corrosion rates. These inhibitors work by adsorbing onto the metal surface, forming a protective film that prevents corrosion reactions. Corrosion is a pervasive issue affecting various industries, including marine, aerospace, and construction, resulting in substantial economic losses and safety risks (1-3). Mild steel, a widely used material, is susceptible to corrosion, particularly in harsh environments like seawater (4, 5). The use of corrosion inhibitors is a common method to mitigate corrosion, but most commercial inhibitors are toxic and hazardous to the environment (6-8). Therefore, there is a growing interest in exploring eco-friendly and sustainable corrosion inhibitors (9-11).Onion extract, a natural and non-toxic substance, has shown promising corrosion inhibition properties (11). The extract contains various compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acids, which can adsorb onto the metal surface, forming a protective film that prevents corrosion reactions (11). Previous studies have investigated the corrosion inhibition properties of onion extract for mild steel in acidic environments, but its effectiveness in seawater conditions has not been extensively studied (11).Traditional corrosion inhibitors, such as chromates and phosphates, have been widely used but are toxic and hazardous to the environment. The increasing awareness of environmental protection and sustainability has led to a growing interest in exploring eco-friendly corrosion inhibitors. Plant extracts, such as onion extract, have shown promising corrosion inhibition properties due to their natural compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and amino acids. Onion extract has been reported to exhibit corrosion inhibition properties for mild steel in acidic environments, but its effectiveness in seawater conditions has not been extensively studied. This research aims to bridge this knowledge gap and explore the potential of onion extract as a sustainable corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in a sodium chloride medium.

This research investigates the modernization of inspection and monitoring practices for pipeline, casing, and tubing. The study focuses on the development and implementation of advanced inspection techniques to detect defects and imperfections such as cracks, dents, and diameter reduction, which can have devastating consequences for human safety, the environment, and the soil. The research aims to establish a comprehensive framework for the modernization of inspection and monitoring practices, encompassing the latest technologies and data analytics to ensure the integrity and reliability of pipeline, casing, and tubing infrastructure. The outcome of this research will provide a benchmark for the minimum inspection requirements, setting a new standard for the industry to ensure safe and sustainable operations.

Mild steels composed by two main elements, they are iron (Fe) and carbon (C) elements which is widely used in industry because of its resistance and more affordable in terms of cost than stainless steel, but their weakness is that they have low corrosion resistance. One way to modify mild steel is by coating them with antioxidant compounds that can delay, slow down, and prevent lipid oxidation process, which is obtained from(Chrysophyllum-Albidum) Udara seed extract. This research work is aimed at producing organic corrosion inhibitor from(Chrysophyllum-Albidum) Udara seed extract. Also, to utilize this organic corrosion inhibitor as a substitute for chemical corrosion inhibitors which contain toxic compounds, and determining the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the Udara seed extract in Hydrochloric acid medium. This was carried out by weighing the mild steel pieces. Udara seed extract was also weighed and added into each of the transparent glass bottles that was used in the experiment. However, 10.0g Udara seed powder was added into bottle 1 containing 0.5m of the dilute tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid. 20.0g to bottle 2, containing the same concentration of the acid. 30.0g to bottle 3, 40.0g to bottle 4, containing 0.5m of the dilute tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid. And 50.0g to bottle 5 containing the same acid, and Finally, bottle 6 was containing the mild steel metal and the dilute tetraoxosulphate (vi) acid. It was observed that the Udara seed extract effectively inhibited mild steel corrosion in H2SO4 solution. Inhibition efficiency was observed to improve with increase in concentration of the extract. It was generally observed that inhibition efficiency was low at the first hour and with the blank and the first concentration and gradually increases by the preceding hours and concentrations. Weight loss increased with increase in time portraying retardation in the inhibitor efficiency with increase in time.

This research investigated the effect of temperature on coconut oil extraction using a solvent extraction method. The study aimed to optimize the extraction process and provide insights into the relationship between temperature and oil yield. The research employed a laboratory-scale solvent extraction method, where coconut oil was extracted from shredded coconut at different temperatures (30°C, 40°C, 50°C, 60°C, and 70°C). The yield of oil extracted was measured and calculated as a percentage of the initial weight of coconut used. The results showed a significant increase in oil yield with increasing temperature, with the highest yield obtained at 70°C. The yield increased from 26.29% at 30°C to 32.70% at 70°C, indicating a 24.5% increase. The study demonstrates the importance of temperature optimization in coconut oil extraction, providing valuable insights for the industry. The findings suggest that increasing the temperature to 70°C can result in a higher yield and improved extraction efficiency. This research contributes to the existing body of knowledge on coconut oil extraction, highlighting the potential for process optimization and improved productivity. The results have important implications for coconut oil manufacturers, providing a basis for the development of more efficient and effective extraction processes. Overall, this study demonstrates the significance of temperature optimization in coconut oil extraction, providing a foundation for future research and industrial applications.

This research investigates the viability of Nigerian barite deposits as a substitute for imported barite in drilling operations. Despite Nigeria’s abundant barite reserves, oil servicing companies have historically relied on foreign sources, hindering local production and economic growth. This study evaluates barite samples from three Nigerian locations - Nassarawa, Cross River, and Benue states - based on their chemical composition and physical properties, adhering to American Petroleum Institute (API) laboratory procedures. The results reveal that barite deposits from Calabar and Nassarawa meet the API standard, demonstrating their suitability for drilling applications. The findings suggest that processing Nigerian barite can generate significant revenue, equivalent to nearly one-third of the country’s 2023 budget. This underscores the potential for Nigeria’s barite deposits to contribute substantially to the nation’s economy. By exploring the utility of Nigerian barite as an efficient drilling fluid, this research aims to promote the development of Nigeria’s solid minerals sector, reduce reliance on imports, and support the growth of the oil and gas industry. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and industry stakeholders, highlighting the importance of harnessing Nigeria’s natural resources to drive economic progress.

This study investigated the physicochemical properties and glycemic potential of two honey samples from Ikwuano (Umuahia) and Umuabiara Amii Akabo (Imo state). The research aimed to determine the sugar content, moisture content, pH, specific gravity, and glycemic load of the honey samples, providing valuable insights for consumers, particularly those with dietary restrictions or preferences. The results revealed significant differences in the physicochemical properties of the two honey samples. The moisture content of the Ikwuano honey was 29.5933%, while that of Umuabiara Amii Akabo was 30.4338%. The pH of Ikwuano honey was 4.28, indicating a slightly acidic nature, while that of Umuabiara Amii Akabo was 3.45, indicating a more acidic nature. The specific gravity of Ikwuano honey was 1.2680, while that of Umuabiara Amii Akabo was 1.2705, indicating a slight difference in density. The reducing sugar content was determined using lead acetate and potassium oxalate solutions, and the titration values for the Ikwuano honey and Umuabiara Amii Akabo honey were 22.0 and 19.0, respectively. The glucose content was also determined, and the glycemic load of the Ikwuano honey was found to be 46.12, while that of the Umuabiara Amii Akabo honey was 50.72.These findings suggest that the two honey samples have different glycemic potentials, with the Umuabiara Amii Akabo honey having a higher glycemic load. This information is crucial for individuals with dietary restrictions, such as those with diabetes, who need to monitor their sugar intake. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of analytical techniques in determining the quality and properties of honey samples.The research advances our understanding of the physicochemical properties and glycemic potential of honey samples from different regions, providing valuable insights for consumers, producers, and regulatory agencies. The study’s findings can inform the development of guidelines for honey production and labeling, ensuring that consumers have access to accurate information about the products they consume. Furthermore, the research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on the nutritional and health benefits of honey, highlighting its potential as a natural sweetener and functional food ingredient.

BOOSTING AUTOMOTIVE ENGINE PERFORMANCE: EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF FUEL ADDITIVES ON P.M.S AND A.G.O.NNADIKWE JOHNSON1.IHEME CHIGOZIE2. CHINEMEREM JOY JOHNSON3.IMO STATE UNIVERSITY., PETROLEUM AND GAS ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT.

This comprehensive review delves into the contemporary landscape of gas flotation in the oil and gas sector, shedding light on the evolving demands for increased separation efficiency within the industry. The oil and gas sector is now placing a premium on enhanced separation efficiency, surpassing the conventional methods currently deployed. A critical exploration of the underlying principles governing the design of high-efficiency gas flotation systems is also a focal point of this review. Gas flotation, a pivotal technology within the oil and gas industry, has witnessed a significant evolution in response to the escalating need for improved separation efficiency. This heightened demand for efficiency stems from the industry’s commitment to maximizing resource recovery, minimizing environmental impact, and optimizing operational costs. As the industry continues to evolve, there is a growing recognition of the imperative to surpass existing standards and push the boundaries of gas flotation technology. The review delves into the core principles that underpin the design of high-efficiency gas flotation systems, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to meet the industry’s escalating demands. By scrutinizing the major design principles, researchers aim to uncover novel strategies that can revolutionize gas flotation processes, paving the way for higher performance and enhanced operational outcomes. Exploring the intricate balance between operational efficiency, environmental sustainability, and cost-effectiveness, this review serves as a roadmap for industry stakeholders seeking to navigate the shifting landscape of gas flotation technology. By synthesizing the latest advancements and industry trends, the review aims to catalyze discussions and drive innovation in the realm of high-efficiency gas flotation within the oil and gas sector.This comprehensive review further illustrates how the manipulation of gas bubble size and the intricate fluid dynamics within separation vessels serve as pivotal mechanisms for augmenting oil removal efficiency within the industry. By delving into these fundamental aspects, the review elucidates how precise control over gas bubble size and a deep understanding of fluid dynamics play a central role in enhancing the effectiveness of oil removal processes. The review goes beyond theoretical discussions to showcase real-world applications of this cutting-edge gas flotation technology within the oil and gas sector. By highlighting examples of this new generation of gas flotation technology, the review offers tangible insights into how industry players are harnessing innovative approaches to optimize oil removal efficiency. These case studies and examples serve as practical illustrations of the transformative potential of leveraging advanced gas flotation techniques to achieve higher separation efficiency and operational excellence. Through a blend of theoretical underpinnings and practical demonstrations, this review bridges the gap between theory and application, providing a holistic view of the transformative impact of gas bubble size control and fluid dynamics optimization on oil removal efficiency. By showcasing how these fundamental mechanisms translate into tangible operational improvements, the review empowers industry professionals to embrace and implement the latest advancements in gas flotation technology for enhanced oil removal performance. In essence, this review not only underscores the critical roles of gas bubble size control and fluid dynamics in boosting oil removal efficiency but also offers concrete examples of how these principles are being leveraged in practice. By showcasing the innovative strides made in the realm of gas flotation technology, the review paves the way for industry stakeholders to embrace a new era of efficiency, sustainability, and performance excellence in oil and gas separation processes.