ABSTRACT.Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder is a rare urologic malignancy, estimated to affect 3% to 5% of the bladder. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the bladder remains the most common subtype throughout Africa. Most literatures focused on management of Transitional cell carcinoma(TCC) with fewer discussion in SCC management. TCC typically presents with painless hematuria, whereas SCC presents with painful hematuria, bladder mass, and necroturia. SCC is mostly radioresistant and does not respond to chemotherapy. The mainstay treatment is Partial Cystectomy or radical cystectomy, which can be performed through open surgery, laparoscopic or robot-assisted approach, all techniques with acceptable results. We report a case with favourable outcome following partial cystectomy which was managed by open surgery. In a 12months follow up the patient remained asymptomatic with good surgical outcome.

ABSTRACT.Patients with vesical ureteral reflux (VUR) present with a wide range of severity. With an incidence of approximately 1%, Vesicoureteric reflux is a relatively common urological abnormality in children.Postnatal diagnosis of VUR is typically made following a diagnosis of a urinary tract infection (UTI) and less frequently following family screening. Voiding cystourethrograms remain the gold standard for diagnosing VUR. To preserve the kidney and prevent the need for potential renal replacement therapy, infants with a single kidney require significantly more assessment and prompt urine diversion decisions. Surgical correction is advised for patients with VUR grades IV and V, while VUR grades I, II, and III are managed conservatively.