The recent death of a 3-year-old boy in Henan, China, has brought national attention to the systemic shortcomings in the management of zoonotic diseases in the China’s rural healthcare system, despite the child having had a full course of RIG treatment and post-exposure vaccination. This case reveals poor vaccination and RIG reserves, inadequate readiness in accordance with WHO guidelines, low-quality wound care, and postponed treatment, all of which are made even worse by the difficulty in accessing healthcare and the low level of public health literacy in rural areas. In an effort to achieve health equity in rural public health systems, this paper promotes the following measures to help prevent future tragedies: increasing the availability of medical resources; improving the capacity of rural healthcare workers to manage high-risk zoonoses; enhancing health education; and putting strict animal control measures in place.