Microclimatic variation regulates seed germination phenology in alpine
plant communities.
- Clara Espinosa del Alba,
- Eduardo Fernández‐Pascual,
- Borja Jimenez-Alfaro
Abstract
Understanding seed germination phenology is crucial for predicting plant
responses to environmental changes. However, a substantial gap persists
regarding how microclimatic conditions influence germination in seasonal
ecosystems. We conducted a continuous seasonal experiment with fresh
seeds to investigate germination phenology in 54 species from temperate
and Mediterranean alpine communities. Using field microclimatic data
series, we mimicked fellfield and snowbed conditions in growth chambers
and we carried out field sowing experiments. Both communities showed
similar phenology responses to microclimatic variation, finding a
consistent germination delay in snowbed compared to fellfield
conditions. This effect was complemented by reduced dormancy and
increased autumn germination in Mediterranean seeds. Our results suggest
a predictable phenological shift in the germination of alpine plants
along microclimatic gradients. In warmer conditions with reduced snow
cover, alpine species are expected to anticipate germination 52 days on
average, with potential disrupting effects on cold-adapted plant
communities.