In the field of information technology, cybersecurity is essential and one of the main concerns of today is information security. Ransomware is one of the more concerning cyber threats that is always evolving. This type of cyberattack entails encrypting the data or files belonging to the victim and requesting payment for the decryption process. Ransomware occurrences continue to increase in frequency, inflicting substantial disruption and financial loss despite the various cybersecurity precautions implemented by governments and organizations. This study does a thorough analysis of the literature on the creation and application of ransomware exploits. It looks at the techniques used to make ransomware, the weaknesses that are exploited, and how ransomware strategies have changed over time. This paper attempts to highlight areas for further research and uncover common trends in the evolution of ransomware exploits by synthesizing findings from multiple investigations. The assessment also covers defense tactics, new difficulties in battling this constantly changing danger, and the life cycle of ransomware attacks. This thorough investigation aims to advance our knowledge of ransomware exploit techniques and support the creation of stronger cybersecurity defenses.