Genomics reveal population structure and intergeneric hybridization in
an endangered South American bird: implications for management and
conservation
Abstract
Genomics is an invaluable tool for conservation, particularly for
endangered species impacted by wildlife trafficking. This study uses
genomic data to provide new insights to aid conservation and management
of endangered species, using as a case study the Yellow cardinal
(Gubernatrix cristata), a bird endemic to southern South America
severely affected by illegal trade and the transformation of its natural
habitat. We explore population structure within the Yellow cardinal,
delimiting management units and describing connectivity among them.
Additionally, we develop and assess the accuracy of a panel of 189
informative SNPs, and demonstrate how these can reliably assign
confiscated individuals to one of the management units established.
Lastly, we assess hybridization between the Yellow cardinal and the
Diuca finch (Diuca diuca), which is reported to occur in regions of
sympatry. We confirm that hybridization occurs, although it is not as
common as previously thought, and that hybrids might be fertile, as we
found evidence of backcrossing with Yellow cardinals. We discuss the
implications of this introgression for the evolution and conservation of
Yellow cardinals. Our study provides new, valuable information that can
guide conservation efforts, comprising a test case for the use of
genomics in combating illegal trafficking, with potential application
beyond the case of the Yellow cardinal.