A small RNA derived from the 5' end of the IS200 tnpA transcript
regulates multiple virulence regulons in Salmonella Typhimurium
Abstract
The insertion sequence IS200 is widely distributed in Eubacteria.
Despite its wide-ranging occurrence, IS200 does not appear to be mobile
and as such is considered an ancestral component of bacterial genomes.
Previous work in Salmonella enterica revealed that the IS200
tnpA transcript is processed to form a small highly structured
RNA ( 5’tnpA) that participates in the post-transcriptional
control of invF expression, encoding a key transcription factor
in this enteropathogen’s invasion regulon. To further examine the scope
of 5’tnpA transcript integration into Salmonella gene
expression networks, we performed comparative RNA-seq revealing the
differential expression of over 200 genes in a Salmonella SL1344
5’tnpA disruption strain. This includes the genes for the master
regulators of both invasion and flagellar regulons (HilD and FlhDC,
respectively), plus genes involved in cysteine biosynthesis (cysteine
regulon) and an operon ( phsABC) encoding a thiosulfate reductase
complex. These expression changes were accompanied by an 80-fold
increase in Salmonella invasion of HeLa cells. Likewise, a
phsABC disruption strain was associated with an increased
invasion specifically under anaerobic growth conditions. Based on these
findings, we propose that early induction of invasion and motility
regulons in the absence of 5’tnpA causes a metabolic stress
resulting in cysteine limitation and activation of CysB, which turns
down expression of the phsABC operon to increase the flux of
thiosulfate in the media towards cysteine production. Taken together,
this study provides a powerful new example of bacterial transposon
domestication that is based not on the production of a regulatory
protein, but of a transposon-derived small RNA.