Soil erosion-induced solute loss contributes to non-point source pollution (NPS). The extent and depth of soil solute involvement in runoff exchange processes are determined by soil disturbed depth ( D_s), encompassing runoff depth ( D_r), and effective mixing depth ( D_e). This study aimed to investigate the impacts of D_s on soil erosion and solute loss. The varying D_r (0.04 ~ 0.59 cm) and D_e (0.08 ~ 10.35 cm) were generated through rainfall (60, 90, and 120 mm h ⁻¹) and overland flow (0, 1, and 2 L min ⁻¹). D_r and D_e were quantified by the KMnO ₄ and Br tracing methods, respectively. Additionally, runoff coefficient ( R_c), sediment concentration ( C_s), sediment yield rate ( S_y), Br concentration in runoff ( C_Br), D_r, and D_e were determined at 2 or 3-minute intervals. Significant differences were observed in runoff initiation time ( T_r) (15 ~ 187 s), R_c (0.49 ~ 0.99), S_y (4.04 ~ 242.89 g m ² min ^-1), C_s (2.88 ~ 48.66 g L ^-1), and C_Br (0.70 ~15 601.26 mg L ^-1) across different D_s (F>3, P<0.01). A power function relationship was observed between T_r, R_c, and D_s ( R²_adj> 0.89). S_y, C_s, and C_Br demonstrated increasing trends with rising D_s, though the magnitude of these increases varied across different D_s ( R²_adj> 0.55). Furthermore, a notable linear correlation was identified between cumulative runoff generation, sediment yield, Br loss, and mean D_r, D_e ( R²_adj> 0.75). Collectively, D_s accounted for 64.9% and 46.2% of the variation in soil erosion and Br loss, respectively. These results would facilitate an improvement of NPS models.