Abstract
Background: The paracondylar process is of clinical interest
due to its proximity to anatomical structures involved in vital
functions. There are limited reports describing abnormalities affecting
the paracondylar process (PCP), with traumatic fractures being the most
prevalent pathology. Affected horses can present with a variety of signs
including headshaking, facial paralysis and/or poor performance. In
almost all cases reported in the literature to date, computed tomography
has been used to diagnose a PCP fracture. Objectives: The aim
of this study was to develop a radiographic technique for imaging the
PCP, to determine the optimum radiographic projection angle and trial
its use in standing sedated horses. Study design: Pilot study
conducted in 10 standing sedated horses. Methods: Three
tangential radiographs of the left and right paracondylar processes at
5º, 15º and 20º to the transverse plane were obtained in 10 standing
sedated horses. Three blinded observers independently ranked each of the
three images for clarity of viewing the PCP. The radiographic projection
allowed imaging of the ventral portion of the PCP while avoiding
superimposition of other osseous structures. Results: The
highest grades were obtained for radiographs with a 5º angle from the
transverse plane, and the lowest grades were obtained for a 20º angle.
Main limitations: Complex anatomy of the PCP with
superimposition of osseous and soft tissue structures.
Conclusions: The radiographic technique for the PCP can be
safely performed in standing, sedated horses. It is suitable for
implementation in general veterinary practice before considering
referral for advanced imaging techniques in horses presenting with
headshaking or facial paralysis.