Harnessing Free Space Optics for Efficient 6G Fronthaul Networks:
Challenges and Opportunities
Abstract
As standardization work is ongoing for the upcoming generation of
cellular networking (6G), exploring new technologies for low-latency,
high-bandwidth fronthauling technologies becomes a crucial aspect for
the overall system performance. Free Space Optics (FSO) has emerged as a
light beam-based wireless communication technology that can be fulfill
such requirements with the possibility of surpassing certain radio
technologies. Consequently, in this paper, we investigate the
possibility of employing FSO as a feasible solution for 6G fronthaul
networks because of its promising characteristics in providing high
bandwidth, low latency, and high flexibility. We review the main
features of FSO and its primary use-cases in the 6G fronthaul. Building
on these, we highlight the challenges that face the implementation of
FSO in a 6G fronthaul environment, such as the influence of atmospheric
conditions on signal dependability. In the form of recent solutions and
techniques, we enlist possibilities to overcome these challenges.
Furthermore, we outline potential future research directions including
network slicing and resource allocation strategies for FSO-based 6G
fronthaul networks to offer a complete picture. This way our
comprehensive analysis aims to provide valuable insights into the
prospects of employing FSO in the development of robust and efficient 6G
fronthaul networks.