Towards net zero: How recent material developments in the field of
Carbon dioxide (CO2) capture from power plants are advancing green and
low-carbon development
Abstract
Climate change is because of increase in global temperatures, known as
global warming, which is largely attributed to the rising levels of
greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, with carbon dioxide emissions from
fossil fuel power plants being the major culprit. To effectively
mitigate climate change, it is essential to implement carbon capture,
utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies. However, the complexity and
diverse range of emission sources, which vary in terms of volume,
composition, location, type, and industry, demands a multifaceted
strategy that involves the development of a broad spectrum of carbon
capture and storage (CCS) technologies, materials, and processes. This
review article provides an in-depth review of the three dominant
material types utilized globally for CO2 capture from flue gases:
Absorbents, Membranes, and Adsorbents (AMA). The author examines the
benefits and drawbacks of employing different forms of AMA in
post-combustion capture, highlighting recent breakthroughs in
experimental and theoretical modeling, simulation, and optimization
studies. The review also explores the strengths and limitations of
various AMA configurations, including single-stage, multi-stage, and
hybrid systems, identifying knowledge gaps and opportunities for
advancement in this field. While two-stage hybrid configurations have
emerged as the most promising approach to maximizing CO2 recovery,
energy efficiency, and cost savings; however, further in-depth
techno-economic evaluations are required to determine the most effective
and viable configuration within this hybrid category, to pinpoint the
optimal solution for real-world applications.