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Identification of clonally expanded Tγδ populations during CAR-T cell therapy
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  • Arman Safavi,
  • Jerome Samir,
  • Mandeep Singh,
  • Martina Bonomi,
  • Raymond Hall Yip Louie,
  • Kenneth Micklethwaite,
  • Fabio Luciani
Arman Safavi
UNSW Sydney
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Jerome Samir
UNSW Sydney
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Mandeep Singh
Garvan Institute of Medical Research
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Martina Bonomi
UNSW Sydney
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Raymond Hall Yip Louie
UNSW Sydney
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Kenneth Micklethwaite
Westmead Hospital ICPMR
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Fabio Luciani
UNSW Sydney

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Abstract

Anti-CD19 Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR-) T cell therapies have shown promise for treating B cell malignancies, but the clinical outcome is influenced by both the CAR-T product and the patient’s immune system. The role of Tγδ cells in the context of CAR-T cell therapy remains poorly understood. This study investigates the clonal expansion, transcriptional heterogeneity, and migration profiles of Tgd cells in patients undergoing anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Longitudinal single cell multi-omics analysis was performed on Tgd cells from four patients receiving anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy. Single cell RNA-seq, antibody-based protein profiling (AbSeq), and full-length TCRγδ sequences revealed clonally expanded populations displaying plasticity in T cell differentiation, and temporal dynamics of large clones, suggesting ongoing expansion and differentiation. Clonally expanded Tγδ cells had heterogeneous gene expression profiles, occupying seven transcriptionally distinct clusters. Analysis of chemokine markers indicated cluster-specific homing tendencies of circulating Tγδ cells to peripheral tissues. We found unexpectedly high frequencies of Vδ1 and Vδ3 cells in the blood with distinct gene and protein expression profiles. This analysis provides insights into the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of Tγδ cells following anti-CD19 CAR-T cell therapy, contributing valuable information for optimizing CAR-T cell therapies in B cell malignancies.
Submitted to Immunology & Cell Biology
30 Apr 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
27 Aug 20241st Revision Received
28 Aug 2024Assigned to Editor
28 Aug 2024Submission Checks Completed
09 Sep 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned
01 Oct 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
04 Oct 2024Editorial Decision: Revise Minor
17 Oct 20242nd Revision Received
18 Oct 2024Submission Checks Completed
18 Oct 2024Assigned to Editor
18 Oct 2024Editorial Decision: Accept