Chronotype, the individual differences in sleep-wake cycles, is a complex trait with significant implications for health, cognition, and daily life. This review delves into the latest research on chronotype, exploring: - The genetic architecture of chronotype, including clock genes and variants - Environmental and lifestyle factors influencing chronotype, such as light exposure and physical activity - A critical evaluation of chronotype measurement tools, including questionnaires, actigraphy, and physiological measures - The associations between chronotype and various health outcomes, including chronic diseases and mental health - The effects of chronotype on cognitive function, daily performance, and social relationships Furthermore, this review discusses strategies for adapting to or modifying one’s chronotype, including light therapy, physical activity, and behavioral interventions. By integrating findings from multiple disciplines, this review provides a comprehensive understanding of chronotype and its far-reaching implications.