Correlation of Insulin Resistance and sensitivity in pregnancy with
Obstetric and Neonatal outcomes: A Pilot Observational Study
Abstract
Objectives: To assess insulin resistance and sensitivity during
pregnancy and find its correlation with maternal and fetal outcomes.
Design: Prospective observational pilot study Setting: Department of
Obstetrics & Gynaecology, AIIMS, New Delhi. Sample size and population:
154 singleton pregnant women between 18- 40 years of age attending the
outpatient antenatal clinic of the Department of Obstetrics and
Gynaecology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi and
following the inclusion and exclusion criteria were recruited after
taking informed consent. Materials and methods: A two-year prospective
observational study at XYZ, enrolled 154 pregnant women, following 113
until delivery. Insulin resistance was assessed twice using HOMA IR and
HOMA-β, and GDM was tested by OGTT. Main Outcome Measures: Maternal
outcomes: Preeclampsia, Gestational hypertension, Chronic hypertension,
polyhydram-nios, postpartum hemorrhage and puerperal sepsis. Fetal
outcomes: birth weight, occurrence of hypoglycaemia, Transient
tachypnoea of newborn, hyperbilirubinemia and NICU admissions. Results:
In our study, 17.7% of women were diagnosed with GDM. Significant
correlations were found between BMI and insulin resistance (p=0.001),
and family history of diabetes and insulin resistance (p=0.001). HOMA-IR
≥2.5 at 24-28 weeks increased the likelihood of GDM (p=0.014),
preeclampsia (p=0.043), and caesarean sections (p=0.009). HOMA-IR
<2.5 indicated healthier pregnancies (p=0.034). HOMA-β ≤184.1
was linked to adverse fetal outcomes and NICU admissions (p=0.012).
Conclusions: Optimizing BMI before pregnancy reduces risks like GDM,
preeclampsia, NICU admissions, and neonatal hypoglycemia. Promote
lifestyle, diet, exercise, and weight control awareness.