Outcome and survival of septic arthritis treated with 0.05%
chlorhexidine solution: A description of 10 cases
Abstract
Background: Established or ongoing septic arthritis requiring
repeated joint flushing remains a treatment challenge with a poor
survival outcome aggravated by the necessicity of controlled
antimicrobial usage. Objective: To describe the outcomes and
survival rates of patients with synovial sepsis treated by lavage with a
0.05% chlorhexidine solution. Study design: Clinical
retrospective observational study. Methods: Patients with
synovial sepsis who underwent standing needle or arthroscopic lavage
under general anaesthesia with a 0.05% chlorhexidine solution, followed
by Lactate Ringer Solution (LRS). Complementary systemic and regional
antibiotics were used. Short (6 months) and long term (>1
year) evolution were assessed. Results: 10 horses met the
inclusion criteria. Affected joints included metacarpophalangeal joints
(20%), tarso-crural joint (10%), radiocarpal and intercarpal joints
(20%), distal interphalangeal joints and navicular bursa (30%), distal
interphalangeal joints (20 %). Time from onset to referral ranged from
1-20 days, mean 8.3 days. Eighty percent of horses survived for more
than one year. Four horses were retired to the field, three returned to
a light level of work and one went back to full work. Main
limitations: Retrospective study of a limited group of horses initially
treated by different clinicians before referral, as such, first line
treatment had differences between cases. Resolution was evaluated on
clinical signs rather than clinical pathology of synovial fluid due to
clinical decision or difficulty in obtaining samples.
Conclusion: With this series of challenging synovial sepsis
cases treated by lavage with a chlorhexidine solution we provide a
treatment protocol, proof of clinical concept and report patient’s short
and long-term clinical evolution. Short and long term post-operative
lameness should be expected despite resolution of the septic arthritis.
This treatment poses a novel option for challenging cases but should be
regarded as a salvage procedure due to the possibility of long term mild
lameness.