Abstract
Direction of arrival (DOA) estimation is an important issue for radar
and communication applications. Monopulse is widely used to obtain the
DOA result by the complex ratio from the sigma and delta beams of the
antenna. In the case of digital array systems, various methods based on
the covariance matrix of the received signal have been proposed to
obtain the DOA result. However, it is impractical for tracking radar
scenarios, as the covariance matrix is not easy to obtain. Nevertheless,
there is merely one target echo in the vicinity of the range cell as
forecasted. Thus, the Maximum Likelihood Estimator (MLE) is a relatively
good estimator for tracking radar, which has high accuracy and
robustness. However, MLE is often very computationally
resource-intensive, as it needs to search the whole steering vector set.
In this letter, in order to utilize MLE effectively, we propose an
algorithm to quickly search the steering vector set by the binary tree
hierarchical matching method, which can significantly reduce the
computational cost. Furthermore, the computational complexity and
accuracy performance have been studied from both theoretical analysis
and simulation perspectives.