Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with significant global burden of precancer lesions and cancer. People with HIV (PWH) are at higher risk of HPV infection and HPV-related diseases. This systematic review was conducted to identify data on burden of HPV infection and HPV-related diseases among PWH. Studies published between January 2018–June 2023 were sourced from databases and conferences. Included were 221 publications of epidemiological data on HPV infections and the clinical burden of HPV-related diseases among PWH. The burden varied by geographical region, age, sex, and sexual orientation. Compared to people without HIV (PWoH), PWH had higher prevalence and incidence of HPV infection and HPV-related diseases. Among PWH, the prevalence of anal HPV infection ranged between 44–83%; men had a higher prevalence and incidence of anogenital warts than women. Incident anal HPV infection was over two-fold greater among transgender women with HIV and men who have sex with men with HIV than respective counterparts without HIV. Incident HPV-related anal cancer is up to two-fold higher among PWH than PWoH, and incident cervical cancer is up to six times higher among women with HIV than those without. The most prevalent high-risk (hr) HPV genotypes with HPV-related disease were vaccine genotype HPV16/18/52/58. HPV35 was one of the most prevalent genotypes with anal or cervical HPV infection among PWH of African descent. PWH have a high burden of hrHPV infections and HPV-related diseases, and this calls for strengthening appropriate HPV vaccine delivery and increasing uptake by potentially by integrating with routine HIV care.