A study demonstrating that using gravitational offset to prepare
extraterrestrial mobility missions is misleading
Abstract
Recently, there has been a surge of international interest in
extraterrestrial exploration targeting the Moon, Mars, the moons of
Mars, and various asteroids. This contribution discusses how current
state-of-the-art Earth-based testing for designing rovers and landers
for these missions currently leads to overly optimistic conclusions
about the behavior of these devices upon deployment on the targeted
celestial bodies. The key misconception is that gravitational offset is
necessary during the terramechanics testing of rover and lander
prototypes on Earth. The body of evidence supporting our argument is
tied to a small number of studies conducted during parabolic flights and
insights derived from newly revised scaling laws. We argue that what has
prevented the community from fully diagnosing the problem at hand is the
absence of effective physics-based models capable of simulating
terramechanics under low gravity conditions. We developed such a
physics-based simulator and utilized it to gauge the mobility of early
prototypes of the Volatiles Investigating Polar Exploration Rover
(VIPER). This contribution discusses the results generated by this
simulator, how they correlate with physical test results from the
NASA-Glenn SLOPE lab, and the fallacy of the gravitational offset in
rover and lander testing. The simulator, which is open-sourced and
publicly available, supports trafficability analysis and facilitates
principled studies into in-situ resource utilization activities like
digging, bulldozing, and berming in low gravity environments.