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Giardia duodenalis Triggered Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Goats
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  • Xi Jiang,
  • Xuanru Mu,
  • Rongsheng Huang,
  • Yuxiao Qian,
  • Yuqian Jiang,
  • Tingting Liu,
  • Yiwen Wang,
  • Kairao Hu,
  • Jing Huang,
  • Quan Liu,
  • Zhengkai Wei,
  • Haoji Zhang,
  • Xingang Yu
Xi Jiang
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Xuanru Mu
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Rongsheng Huang
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Yuxiao Qian
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Yuqian Jiang
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Tingting Liu
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Yiwen Wang
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Kairao Hu
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Jing Huang
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Quan Liu
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Zhengkai Wei
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Haoji Zhang
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering
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Xingang Yu
Foshan University School of Life Science and Engineering

Corresponding Author:[email protected]

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Abstract

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Giardia duodenalis is a globally distributed zoonotic parasite primarily transmitted through the fecal-oral route, infecting various vertebrates, and the infection of which is prevalent in goats. Immune cells play a crucial role in pathogens invasion, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) released by neutrophils serve as a non-specific defense mechanism against pathogens including parasites. In this study, we investigated the characteristics, components, and molecular mechanisms of goat NETs upon stimulation with G. duodenalis trophozoites. Scanning electron microscopy, immunofluorescence staining, and quantification of NETs revealed that typical goat NETs composed of DNA, citrullinated histone H3 (CitH3), and neutrophil elastase (NE) were induced by G. duodenalis trophozoites in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, detection of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels suggested simultaneous accumulation of ROS during Giardia infection. Furthermore, inhibitory experiments demonstrated that Giardia-induced NETs and ROS production were associated with TLR2/TLR4 signaling pathways along with NADPH oxidase (NOX), ERK 1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways activation. In summary, the release of goat NETs triggered by Giardia was accompanied by ROS generation, and both processes were regulated via TLR2/TLR4, NOX, ERK 1/2, and p38 MAPK signaling pathways. This study highlights the role of NETs in immune responses to G. duodenalis infection while providing valuable insights for further investigations into the potential use of NETs-based strategies against this parasite.
21 Nov 2024Submitted to Parasite Immunology
22 Nov 2024Submission Checks Completed
22 Nov 2024Assigned to Editor
22 Nov 2024Review(s) Completed, Editorial Evaluation Pending
11 Dec 2024Reviewer(s) Assigned