Overcoming Barriers to Early Integration of Specialized Palliative Care
Services in Children and Adolescents with Cancer: A Pilot Qualitative
Study of Canadian Healthcare Providers
Abstract
Background The integration of specialized palliative care (SPC)
in pediatric oncology aims to minimize the significant suffering
experienced by children and families. While early integration of SPC is
recommended, barriers to integration of SPC exist and the ways to
overcome those barriers are not entirely clear. Procedure We
conducted semi-structured interviews of Candian healthcare providers
(HCPs) in the fields of pediatric oncology and pediatric palliative
care. We performed thematic analysis on the transcripts of those
interviews to identify barriers to early SPC integration and solutions
to overcome those barriers. Results Eight HCPs were interviewed
(4 pediatric oncology and 4 palliative care providers). While the views
of HCPs varied about the integration framework (universal,
criteria-based, or unguided provider-initiated referrals), the
importance of early SPC integration in patients with a high risk of
mortality or high symptom burden was consistently described. We
identified categories of barriers to early SPC integration including
family perception, healthcare team-related, and process/systemic
barriers. Common reported barriers include the association of palliative
care with death or giving up and the perception that the family is “not
ready” to meet SPC. Categories of solutions include improving
communication with families, enhancing the collaboration between SPC and
oncology teams, and optimizing the referral processes. Participants
described strategies that often addressed several categories of
barriers. Such strategies include skillful introduction of SPC to
families and regular discussions amongst the pediatric oncology and SPC
teams. Conclusion Barriers to early integration of SPC can be
overcome through thoughtful discussions amongst HCPs. Those strategies
should be considered when optimizing SPC integration with the goal of
reducing the suffering of children and adolescents with cancer and their
families.