Impact of sensible heating and water vapor emission on pyro-convective
plume characteristics
Abstract
PyroCb events are important sources of stratospheric aerosol. During the
Australian forest fires in 2019/2020, such convective plumes transported
quantities of smoke into the tropopause region comparable to those of a
large volcanic eruption. In this study, we investigate the heat emission
threshold at which forest-fire plumes transition into pyroCbs. We
examine the sensitivity of the pyroCb to further changes in the total
amount of heat released as well as to the latent to sensible heat flux
ratio by performing idealized simulations with a regional
high-resolution model. Our results show a pronounced bimodal behavior of
the plumes with an abrupt onset of pyroCb formation when the sensible
heat flux exceeds 50kW/m2. When a cloud is formed within the plume, the
smoke injection height is mainly controlled by the sum of the sensible
and latent heat flux, while the ratio between the two plays a
subordinate role. Increasing either heat flux leads to an increase in
the plume water content and temperature anomaly within the cloud. The
strong differences below the cloud between plumes with equal total heat
flux but different sensible heat-to-latent heat ratios are buffered by
changes in the cloud base height. These results show the importance of
accurate estimates of heat and moisture released by fires for predicting
PyroCb development. Encouragingly, a reliable estimate of the total heat
flux is sufficient to characterize the behavior of PyroCbs, reducing the
need for detailed partitioning of sensible and latent heat.