Abstract
Species distribution models (SDMs) are essential tools for understanding
the spatial dynamics of fish populations. Traditionally, SDMs estimate
species abundance, biomass, or occurrence, either for entire populations
or specific life stages, such as juveniles and adults. This study
introduces a novel length-based spatially explicit SDM designed to
estimate length frequency distributions (LFD) in continuous space. By
integrating covariate-length and space-length correlations, the model
provides a powerful tool for understanding spatial population structure
dynamics. We describe the generalised length-based spatially explicit
SDM and validate the model through simulation and apply it to a European
hake ({\it Merluccius merluccius}, Merlucciidae) case
study in the northeastern Atlantic, demonstrating its potential for
real-world applications. We follow by discussing the utility of
model-based LFD estimates, particularly in the fields of stock
assessment, spatial fisheries management, climate change and ecosystem
based fisheries management. Finally, we propose a number of model
extensions departing from the proposed length-based SDM that could
profoundly enhance our understanding of population dynamics and refine
future fisheries management models.