James Wood

and 4 more

Normal fault slip is regularly quantified for instantaneous seismic events and across geological timescales in rate-and-state friction frameworks. However, recent studies have shown that normal faults may undergo transient aseismic slip exceeding time-averaged rates, outside of steady state conditions. This highlights the need for further detailed observation of both coseismic and aseismic deformation on normal faults to better constrain how structures accommodate and release strain across all seismic stages. Here, we exploit open-source, InSAR-derived vertical ground motion data from the European Ground Motion Service (EGMS) to evaluate sub-mm scale deformation across active faults in the Larissa Basin, where two Mw > 6 earthquakes occurred in 2021, and the North Gulf of Evia, Central Greece. We resolve the spatial and temporal evolution of uplift and subsidence fields of the Larissa earthquake sequence, finding elevated coseismic uplift to subsidence ratios of 1:6-9. EGMS time series across the Costal Fault System of the North Gulf of Evia imply normal fault slip at above-creep throw rates of 2-3 mm/yr with limited associated seismicity. The nearby seismogenic Atalanti Fault shows no differential ground motion across its plane and is in an apparent locked state. Observed variable slip behaviours imply that long-term, geologically derived throw rates may combine transient periods of elevated aseismic slip, coseismic slip, and steady state motion. We consider these findings in the context of seismic hazard while assessing the applicability of EGMS data in tectonic studies to bridge an important gap in resolving fault motion across all spatial and temporal scales.