Abstract
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a chronic respiratory disease caused
by a combination of prenatal and postnatal factors that leads to the
disruption of lung development and abnormal repair, this is a condition
that is commonly seen in premature infants. With the improvement of
treatment technology, the survival rate of very early preterm infants
has increased significantly compared with before, and the incidence of
severe BPD has decreased, however, the prevalence of BPD has not
decreased. The overall prevalence of BPD is 45%.The prevention of
prematurity, the systematic use of non-aggressive ventilator measures,
the avoidance of supra-physiological oxygen exposure, and the
administration of diuretics, caffeine and vitamin A have all been shown
to lead to a significant reduction in the risk of BPD development. A
growing number of clinical studies have shown that caffeine not only
prevents apnea, but also reduces the incidence of BPD. We review the
clinical value of caffeine in the treatment of BPD and its potential
mechanisms of action, include anti-inflammatory, antioxidant,
anti-fibrotic, anti-apoptotic pathways, and the regulation of
angiogenesis. Our aim was to provide a new theoretical basis for the
clinical treatment of BPD.