This study aimed to investigate the impact of seasonal climate change on safflower genotype productivity in Central Anatolian conditions during 2021 and 2022. The research focused on seed yield, oil content, and oil yield, considering variations in Growing Degree Days (GDD) at different growth stages. In both years, seed yield was significantly affected by rainfall deficiency. In 2021, safflower genotypes had an average seed yield of 1540 kg ha ^-1, while in 2022, it increased to 2390 kg ha ^-1 due to higher precipitation during critical growth stages. Different genotypes showed distinct performances in seed yield each year, highlighting the importance of selecting drought-tolerant genotypes for breeding programs. Oil content also exhibited significant variations between genotypes and years. Drought stress during flowering and seed filling periods generally led to a decrease in safflower oil content. However, in 2021, despite drought during the seedling stage, there was an increase in average oil content, potentially due to compensatory mechanisms related to reduced seed yield and dry matter content. Moreover, the study explored GDD values at different growth stages, revealing substantial variation among genotypes in GDD accumulation. Genotypes with higher GDD accumulation typically displayed higher seed and oil yields, indicating their better stress tolerance. Conversely, early maturing genotypes with lower GDD values were better suited for regions with lower average temperatures. The findings underscore the importance of considering both rainfall and temperature factors when selecting safflower genotypes for specific regions. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the impact of seasonal climate change on safflower productivity and highlights the need to develop new safflower varieties capable of adapting to predicted hotter and drier conditions due to climate change.