Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine how Ghana is managing and responding to the challenge of hypertension and diabetes. Design/methodology/approach - Data collection involved individual interviews with policy-makers, providers, payers, health managers, and participants from patient and advocacy groups at district and national levels; and focus group discussions with hypertensive and diabetic patients. This was supported by analysis of documentation detailing activities that have been undertaken in response to the management of hypertension and diabetes in Ghana. Findings - The Ghanaian health sector has drafted overarching policies and strategies on management of diabetes, hypertension, other non-communicable diseases, tobacco, alcohol, and nutrition-related issues. Availability of funds is the main barrier to the implementation of policies. Besides, the response of the health sector to address the problems of hypertension and diabetes is focused more on clinical management than prevention; while the structures and processes to manage diabetes and hypertension are available at all levels of service delivery, more needs to be done on preventive aspects. Originality/Value - This is the first study to combine individual interviews with key stakeholders, focus groups with patients, and document analysis to review policy implementation on the management of hypertension and diabetes in Ghana. The authors believe that the evidence from this research will help inform future policy initiatives on hypertension and diabetes in Ghana.

Correct citation for this article: G. M. Munro1, C. Bullen1 TraitMap: harnessing continuous personalised feedback via smartphone sensors to disrupt and change addictive behaviours 1 National Institute for Health Innovation, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland e: [email protected], w: www.nihi.auckland.ac.nz tel: +64 9 373 7599 (ext 89137)If you want to download the article in PDF or Word format, please click on the box and upward looking arrow on the top of this article next to "P" and  save the article on your hard drive. By agreeing to access this article, you will not use any part of this article without the authors' permission. Please contact GM Munro for any questions. We will collect comments after the end of the session of our preprint journal club and send our comments to GM Munro.  Summary Background: Mental and substance use disorders (M/SUDs) are the leading cause of non-fatal illness worldwide, incurring substantial social and economic costs. The limited impact of interventions to treat people with M/SUD has prompted a clinical shift toward more personality-informed approaches. Within psychiatry, evidence shows key personality traits can be used as endophenotypes for M/SUDs. In mobile health (mHealth) research, applications (apps) that detect risk behaviours and send users personalised feedback are likely to counter many of the harms associated with substance use. Aims: To develop and test ‘TraitMap’, a novel mHealth system that combines self-report measures, continuous biomedical monitoring, and personalised feedback to support complex self-care in people with M/SUDs. Fully realised, TraitMap will detect drug cravings and personalise intervention to disrupt substance-related risk behaviours. Methods: A 3-stage project involving 1) collection and analysis of multi-stakeholder feedback via online surveys, 2) design and evaluation of a prototype mobile app tailored to people with M/SUDs, 3) a pilot trial to assess the impact of TraitMap on drug cravings and associated harms that will underpin the future design of a larger randomised controlled trial. Contribution: Unlike previous studies, this project will be developed using ResearchKit, an app development platform specifically tailored to medical research needs. Findings from world-leading medical research units at Stanford, Johns Hopkins, and Oxford show ResearchKit counters many of the methodological limitations and data loss that typically characterise Internet trials. By contrast, the highly automated data collection features of ResearchKit will enable the study to streamline informed consent, prompt continued user participation, and collect infinitely richer data sets. Keywords: addiction, behaviour change, feedback, intervention, mobile health, personalisation

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Climate change has a significant effect on human health manifested by the increasing number of cases of climate-sensitive diseases. Europe and North America have experienced increasing number of deaths from heat waves, while in the Pacific there have been frequent outbreaks of dengue, leptospirosis, diarrhoea and typhoid. Climate change manifestation through extreme weather events have caused substantial loss of infrastructure and also the agricultural sector in Fiji which has increased the risk of malnutrition in the country.Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between climate variability and the prevalence of malnutrition in Fiji between January 2006 and December 2016. The study also examines the specific aspects of climate variability and malnutrition during the same period.

This paper \cite{Basu} was a review of another paper on randomised controlled trials. The author WorksheetWhat is the main question the study attempts to answer?What is (are) the hypothesis(es)?What techniques/analyses do the researchers adopt to test their hypothesis(es)?Why is this study relevant?Write here any general comments you might have about the research approach.Write here any specific comment you might have about experimental approaches and methods used in the study.Write here any specific comment/note about figures in the paper (this could be related to the way data are displayed and your ability to understand the results just by looking at the figures). Write here any additional comment you might have (this includes minor concerns such as typos and structure of the manuscript)