Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on purely organic room-temperature phosphorescence (RTP) materials often encounter issues of relatively low efficiency and spectral instability. To overcome this limitation, three (arylthio)benzene derivatives (4S, 5S, and 6S) with gradually increased RTP component are designed and compared. Theoretical calculation and photophysical investigation reveal that the fully-substituted arylthio effect could enhance the aggregation-induced phosphorescence, enlarge the spin orbital coupling, and reduce the energy gap between S 1 and T 1 as much as possible. As a result, 6S can exhibit single spectra in films with a high phosphorescence efficiency up to 76.7%, and its doped RTP-OLED furnishes a high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 15.3% and ultra-stable spectra with the brightness raised from 30 cd m -2 to 2000 cd m -2. Furthermore, serving 6S as the sensitizer, the RTP-sensitized-fluorescent OLEDs based on fluorescence dopant TBRb and multiple resonance TADF dopant BN3 show three times improvement in electroluminescence performance, with EQE values of 11.3% and 25.6%, respectively. These results demonstrate the feasibility of fully-substituted arylthio effect in designing RTP materials and could advance the development of high-performance RTP OLEDs.

Volcanic oceanic islands are some of the Earth’s most geologically and ecologically dynamic habitats, where continuous volcanic activity and erosion lead to the formation of habitats that drastically change throughout their ontogeny. Shallow-water sandy habitats, specifically, repetitively disappeared and regenerated due to seasonal oceanographic and climatic eustatic sea-level variations. For its inhabitants, these events translate into populations being cyclically removed or passing by drastic reductions in population size, where the outcome often depends on the specific life-history modes of the species, determining their dispersal, colonization potential and, ultimately, their survival ability. Therefore, population genetic patterns of marine shallow-water infaunal species can provide powerful clues of such outcomes, as well as how specific geological and ecological settings determine the genetic structure of the species. We herewith test the population structure of the marine infaunal bivalve Ervilia castanea (Montagu, 1803) in the sandy habitats of the Azores and Madeira Archipelagos (Northeast and Central Atlantic Ocean), by comparing insular populations with conspecifics from the nearest continental shores in mainland Europe. Little to no genetic structure was observed between insular populations with both nuclear microsatellites and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I. Moreover, deviations in the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium of insular populations suggests the exitance of archipelago specific processes. The high dispersal ability of E. castanea combined with the ephemeral nature of oceanic shallow-water sandy habitats likely made each population to be composed of individuals from multiple sources. High prevalence of null alleles, gene duplication hint at the potential occurrence of recent polyploidization events that require further investigation. Moreover, we found evidence of hyperdiversity among the markers used which may constrain the detection of more detailed patterns. We herewith demonstrate the uniqueness of insular environmental settings and inquire further into the evolutionary and biogeographic patterns of marine shallow-water infaunal species from volcanic oceanic islands.

Miniature personal aerial vehicles (PAVs) with vertical take-off and landing (VTOL) capabilities offer numerous advantages over existing vehicles, particularly in terms of high maneuverability, manned flight capability, and load-carrying capacity required during rescue missions. However, the detailed research work was reported infrequently. In this paper, a miniature PAV capable of piloted operation in both standing and sitting postures is introduced. This PAV, weighing 45kg and measuring 45cm*87cm*154cm, is designed for easy transport and minimal spatial footprint. It incorporates five vertically arranged micro turbojet engines that enable VTOL capabilities and can carry loads exceeding 100kg while maintaining high maneuverability. Notably, a two-degree-of-freedom nozzle mechanism attached to the engines allows for precise thrust direction adjustments. Building upon this propulsion system and the physical model of the PAV, a cascade proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is specifically designed for the PAV to regulate its position and attitude. Additionally, a feed-forward-based proportional-derivative (PD) controller is implemented to enhance the engine’s thrust response. The PAV prototype underwent rigorous testing in various outdoor conditions, ranging from temperatures of -7℃ to 42℃ and wind speeds of 0 to 7.2m/s. The test results substantiate the feasibility of the proposed PAV’s working principles, demonstrating its adaptability to environmental fluctuations. While the focus of this paper lies on the miniature PAV system, its implications extend to broader applications within advanced air mobility research.

Auditory rhythm perception involves bottom-up encoding of timing information and top-down maintenance of a particular interpretation. Beats in musical rhythms can be grouped to form metres, such as duple (two-beat groupings) or triple (three-beat groupings). Subjective (top-down) metre perception can be measured using electroencephalographic responses like mismatch negativity (MMN), P3a, and Steady-State Evoked Potentials (SSEPs). Previously we showed infants could be primed to perceive an ambiguous 6-beat rhythm as either duple or triple by adding loudness accents to every second, or third beat, respectively. For the subsequently presented unaccented rhythm, infants exhibited larger mismatch responses for pitch deviants on primed strong beats, particularly after duple priming (Flaten et al., 2022). Here we applied the same protocol to adults in two experiments. In Experiment 1, adults were passively primed to perceive the rhythm as duple or triple identically as the infants in the previous study. In Experiment 2, participants actively imagined the accents. Results showed that MMN and P3a were not enhanced for strong beats; however, P3a showed significant enhancement for duple beats regardless of priming or attention, driven mainly by musically experienced participants. SSEPs were enhanced at the primed frequency but only when participants actively imagined the metre. As with infants, effects were stronger in the duple group. These results suggest a strong bias toward duple metre in adults that requires attention to overcome, and which likely relates to enculturation to Western music as it was enhanced by music and dance experience.

This is just an editorial and does not include an abstract

IntroductionBicycle handle bar injury occurs when the handlebar of the bicycle strikes to cause an impact on the body. This mechanism of injury is responsible for a significant number of thoraco-abdominal injuries in children with more than a third of them requiring surgical intervention.1 The most common among them involves intra-abdominal organ injuries,  traumatic abdominal wall hernias and bladder rupture.2–4 However, retroperitoneal hematoma has rarely been reported in bicycle handle bar injury.5 Bleeding into the space behind the peritoneal cavity, referred to as retroperitoneal hematoma, is an obscure and under diagnosed condition due to the late manifestation of signs and symptoms until significant blood loss has occurred.6 Here, we present a case of 12 years old boy brought to the emergency department with the alleged history of bicycle handle bar injury who underwent emergency exploratory laparotomy that revealed massive retroperitoneal hematoma secondary to mesenteric/ vascular injury with intra-peritoneal extent.

Objective: Taking the practice of clinical pharmacists participating in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol of gastric cancer patients undergoing radical gastrectomy as an example, to explore the value of pharmacists in hospitalization cost control. Methods: 160 gastric cancer patients who underwent radical gastrectomy in Jiangsu Cancer Hospital from February 2023 to October 2023 were divided into control group and research group, with 80 cases in each group. The control group implemented the conventional ERAS protocol without the involvement of the clinical pharmacist. The research group was managed by a professional clinical pharmacist on the base of the conventional ERAS protocol. Results: (1) There were no significant differences in age, gender, site of surgical resection, and TNM stage between the two groups. (2) Compared with the control group, patients in the research group had shorter length of stay (LOS) (P < 0.001) and first postoperative ventilation time (P < 0.001), as well as fewer hospitalization cost (P = 0.005). (3) Albumin on postoperative day (POD) 30 and prealbumin on POD7 were significantly different between two groups (P = 0.029, P = 0.046). (4) The irrational prescription rate of antimicrobials (P < 0.001) and total nutrient admixture (P = 0.001) in the research group were significantly lower than those in the control group. Conclusion: This study shows that clinical pharmacists participating in perioperative ERAS program for gastric cancer can improve the nutritional status, promote the rehabilitation postoperative, shorten LOS, and increase the rate of rational drug use, thus reducing medical expenses

Touch has an affective dimension, conveyed through low-threshold mechanoreceptors known as C-tactile (CT) afferents, which are activated by gentle, caress-like contact. While there is evidence that these fibers modulate nociceptive input, their influence in the processing of other somatosensory afferent activity remains largely unknown. In this study, we explored how slow brushing (CT-optimal stimulation) modulates somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) compared to vibration and no touch in 30 healthy participants. Our results did not show differences across conditions in the amplitude of early SEPs recorded over the somatosensory cortex (N20, P25, N30, and P45). However, a reduced frontocentral P150 SEP component was observed during slow brushing compared to the other conditions. This suggests that early cortical processing of somatosensory information is not affected by brushing. Nonetheless, the reduced P150 amplitude indicates that CT-optimal touch may influence both nociceptive afferents and somatosensory input through the lemniscal system, possibly engaging brain areas involved in attentional and cognitive processing.

Name of Journal: Clinical Case ReportsManuscript Type: CASE REPORTGiant maxillary sinus cyst removal with simultaneous external maxillary sinus elevation and implant placement: a case reportYunpeng Bai 1,*, Jingjing Sha 2, Hong yang 1, Yiting Cai 1, Xin Peng3, Haipeng Sun 1,*.1 Department of prosthodontics and implantology, Shenzhen University Affiliated Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, China; Y.B., [email protected]; H.Y., [email protected]; Y.C., [email protected]; H.S., [email protected] Department of endodontics, Shenzhen University Affiliated Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, China; J.S., [email protected] Department of implantology, Southwest Stomatology Hospital, Chengdu, China; X.P., [email protected] contributions: Bai YP contributed to the conceptualization and visualization of the manuscript; Bai YP and Peng X operated the sinus augmentation and implantation surgery; Bai YP, Sha JJ, and Sun HP involved in the funding acquisition, original draft writing; Bai YP, Yang H, Cai YT investigated; Bai YP, Sha JJ, Yang H, Cai YT contributed to the methodology of the manuscript; Bai YP and Sha JJ contributed to the supervision, writing-review and editing of this manuscript; and all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.Funding: This research was funded by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program, grant number JCYJ20220530165409022.Corresponding author: Haipeng Sun, PhD, Chief Doctor, Department of prosthodontics and implantology, Shenzhen University Affiliated Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, China, [email protected]; Yunpeng Bai, PhD, Attending Doctor, Department of prosthodontics and implantology, Shenzhen University Affiliated Shenzhen Stomatology Hospital, Shenzhen, China, [email protected].

Primary small rectal neuroendocrine tumor with pelvic lateral lymph nodes metastasis: A case report and review of literatureLihong Li1,a, Ziyue Chen2,a, Dajian Zhu1,b, Qianbao Lv3,a, Hairong He1,a, Tianpeng Zhang1,a, Jinsong Lai1,aaDegree:M.M., bdegree: M.D.1、Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan)，Foshan 528300, China.2、Postgraduate of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524002, China.3、Department of Gynaecology, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan)，Foshan 528300, China.Correspondence to: Dajian Zhu, Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital of Guangdong Medical University (Maternal & Child Healthcare Hospital of Shunde Foshan)，Foshan 528300, China.Email:[email protected] count：2596

Key clinical messageAlthough aplastic anemia has not previously been reported as a cause of cardiac tamponade, immunosuppressant medication has been associated with pericardial effusion in the context of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We report a case of cardiac tamponade secondary to hemopericardium in a patient with aplastic anemia who was receiving cyclosporine. The patient exhibited no evidence of inflammation, infection, autoimmune disorders, or malignancy affecting the pericardiumKeywords: aplastic anemia, cardiac tamponade, pericardial effusion, hemopericardium, cyclosporin, case report

Abstract Understanding how species survive at their poleward limits of distribution is of interest in species conservation, particularly in light of global warming and predictions of shifting distributions of both predators and prey species. How species adapt to high latitudes and to future climate changes will be impacted both by direct interactions with the environment, such as changing heat tolerances, but also indirectly through biotic interactions with prey and predators. The smooth snake (Coronella austriaca) in Norway provides an interesting case study of biotic interactions at range limits. The number of potential prey species of C. austriaca is lower in Norway than in southern latitudes. To investigate trophic adaptations at its poleward range limit we used metabar-coding sequencing to identify prey species in stomach samples of a museum collection of 17 preserved C. austriaca from Agder in Southern Norway. Eight prey species were detected, four reptiles and four mammals. Field vole (Microtus agrestis) and common shrew (Sorex araneus) were the most common prey species, while bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and wood mice (Apodemus sylvaticus) were eaten only by a few smooth snakes. A. fragilis was found in five samples and Z. vivipara in only three samples. DNA was also recovered from grass snake (Natrix natrix) in all but one sample, and DNA from European adder (Vipera berus) in one sample, indicating the role of ophiophagy. Visual analysis of 75 faeces from the Oslo region showed that A. fragilis was the most common prey species, followed by shrews. The main conclusion is that C. austriaca in Norway have a higher proportion of mammalian prey in their diet compared to populations in more southern latitudes.

Aim: Rangifer tarandus L. play a key role in Arctic ecosystems as the most numerous and widespread large herbivore. Sea ice is vital for maintaining genetic connectivity in Arctic islands, yet the historical role of sea ice in shaping Rangifer biogeography is unknown. We study the timing of island dispersal and the role of sea ice changes and ice sheet retreat since the last glacial period. Methods: We compiled published datasets of mitochondrial DNA sequences which informed population history scenarios, evaluated in a coalescent-based approximate Bayesian computation (ABC) modelling framework to test hypotheses of island (re)colonisation and to estimate timings of divergence and admixture. Population events were compared with modelled and proxy-based paleo-sea ice cover and published ice sheet chronologies. Results: Our analysis supports Holocene dispersal onto deglaciated Arctic islands rather than High Arctic glacial refugia. The degree of population admixture and the effect of sea ice was dependent on regional geography and climate history. North American initial island population divergence occurred as sea ice cover was declining. A lack of strong genetic structure and late Holocene admixture suggest that island populations were somewhat connected by sea ice during the Holocene. The Svalbard and West Greenland divergence times lagged deglaciation but broadly align with fossil-based estimates of colonisation, suggesting dispersal limitation due to sea ice conditions, potentially modulated by ocean currents and sea ice drift. Main conclusions: Our study sheds light on the Late Quaternary (~60 ka - present) history of Arctic island Rangifer and suggests that ice sheet retreat, sea ice cover, and ocean currents were important in shaping present-day genetic patterns. Regional differences in postglacial dynamics suggest that dispersal during contemporary climate change may vary regionally and depend upon decreasing connectivity provided by sea ice.

Background: Refractory/Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R-AML) typically exhibits resistance to conventional chemotherapy, resulting in a poor overall therapeutic outcome, salvage allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the primary treatment option in such patients. However, post-transplant relapse is still a challenge, with no established effective regimens. Case: In this case report, we present the case of a 40-year-old male diagnosed with R/R-AML who underwent salvage allo-HSCT. Unfortunately, after 4 months of follow-up, a relapse occurred. we modified the immunosuppressive therapy and administered donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and decitabine but failed to obtain complete remission (CR). Subsequently, a combination of venetoclax (Ven) and azacitidine (Aza), followed by the DLI regimen, was initiated. The patient achieved CR with no measurable residual disease. Conclusion: Our data suggests that the administration of Ven in combination with Aza followed by the DLI regimen used for early post-HSCT relapsed AML could serve as a valuable reference for treating similar patients.

Understanding of interlinked metabolism of guard cell (GC) and mesophyll cell (MC) and their roles in stomatal movement will help in designing crop plants with higher water use efficiencies. Although, previous constraint-based modelling and analyses correctly predicted some known metabolic patterns of isolated C 3 MC, GC and Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM) MC, detailed analysis of combined metabolism of GC and MC and their quantitative estimations in both C 3 and CAM are still awaiting. We integrate stomatal opening, gaseous exchange and GC-MC metabolism in our constraint-based six-phase diel combined metabolic model and simulate this model to predict the temporal differential flux distributions of GC and MC metabolisms. In addition to previously predicted results, analysis of this new two-cell model successfully shows higher activities of some experimentally observed C 4-like enzymes such as PEPC, MDH, ME etc., in GC compared to MC in C 3, the possible storage patterns of the osmolytes like K +, malate 2-, sucrose etc., in CAM GC. Results also show temporally different patterns of starch synthesis and accumulation, ATP production and utilization in GC and MC of C 3 and CAM. It is a significant step towards understanding and quantitative estimation of the whole leaf tissue metabolism linking gaseous exchange with environment.

The performance of invertebrate herbivores in grasslands can be influenced by climate warming, but there is a lack of experimental evidence, particularly in high elevation areas. We conducted two complementary experiments to investigate the effect of experimental warming on the performance of the grassland caterpillar Gynaephora alpherakii, a notorious pest species in the alpine Tibetan meadow. The first field experiment examined the effect of warming (non-warmed vs. warmed) on the feeding behavior, growth and development rate of the caterpillars. The second chamber experiment explored the relationship between temperature and caterpillar appetite, excrement mass, respiration rate or change of caterpillar weight. Results show that warming significantly decreased fresh body mass of caterpillars by 27.5%, cocoon volume by 61.1%, and egg production per female moth by 26.9 % at the end of the field experiment. Warming did not affect cocooning time but significantly increased feeding time of caterpillars during the field experimental period. The independent chamber experiment revealed a significant and positive correlation between caterpillar appetite, excrement mass, respiration rate, and temperature. However, except the first examination, there was a significant negative correlation between changes in caterpillar weight and temperature. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that excrement mass had the greatest influence on caterpillar weight. The weight loss of caterpillars to warming might thus be attributed to elevated metabolic rates at higher temperatures, and the behavioral adaptations failed to compensate for the physiological-induced weight loss. These findings suggest that climate warming can modify the performance and thus the fitness of invertebrate herbivores in high elevation areas.

In this work, the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the semiperiodic boundary problem for a third-order partial differential equation are obtained. Estimates for the solution and its derivatives have been established. To achieve this, a special substitution is used to reduce the third-order equation to a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE) and functional relations. The unique solvability of the resulting periodic boundary value problem for the ODE system is proven using the parameterization method.

Background: While the global childhood leukemia burden has declined since 1990, it remains the leading cause of childhood cancer mortality. Disparities in outcomes are stark, with high-income countries achieving significantly higher survival rates compared to resource-limited settings. This underscores the critical role of healthcare quality. Methods: We analyzed data on childhood leukemia (aged 0-14) from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease project (1990-2021), including incidence, mortality, prevalence, and other health metrics. To assess the Quality of Care Index (QCI), we implemented a four-step process involving data acquisition and cleaning, optional data reduction, calculation of secondary measures and application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and finally data visualization. PCA identified a single component as the QCI, with higher scores indicating better quality of care. Results: Childhood leukemia incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) declined globally, but regional disparities persist. High-middle Sociodemographic Index (SDI) countries have the highest incidence, while low SDI settings have the highest mortality and DALY rates. Global QCI average is 67.8, with variation between regions and SDI levels. High SDI countries have the highest QCI, while low SDI settings have the lowest. QCI decreases with age, and gender distribution is relatively equal globally, except in low and low-middle SDI settings. Conclusion: Despite global progress in reducing childhood leukemia, significant healthcare disparities persist. Future efforts must prioritize addressing these inequities, ensuring equitable access to quality care, and eliminating disparities based on SDI, age, and gender.