Aim: Providing effective ventilation of the unconscious patient is an essential skill in every specialty dealing with airway management. In this randomized cross-over study aimed to compare intra-oral and classic face mask in terms of ventilation success of patients, practitioners’ workload and anxiety assessments. Also we analyzed potential risk factors of difficult mask ventilation for both masks. Methods: 24 anesthesiology residents and 12 anesthesiologists participated in the study. Each of the practitioners ventilated 4 patients with both masks at settled pressure and frequency. Practitioners rated their workload and anxiety related to masks with National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index score and State Trait Anxiety Inventory scale. Ventilation success was evaluated with Han scale, expiratory tidal volume and leak volume. We analyzed potential risk factors of difficult mask ventilation with anthropometric characteristics and STOP-BANG score. Results: Ventilation success rate was superior with intraoral mask comparing to classic face mask in terms of Han Scale (Easy mask ventilation percentage 84/144 (58.3%); 123/144 (85.4%); respectively) and tidal volume (481.92±173.99; 430.85±154.87mL; respectively). Leak volume in intraoral mask ventilation was significantly lower than classic face mask (71.50±91.17 /159.38±146.31 respectively). Diffucult mask ventilation risk factors were high weight, neck circumference, Mallampati score and STOP-BANG score>3 for classic face mask (at the utmost neck circumference 95% CI, OR=1.180, p= 0.002) Risk factors were high body mass index and Mallampati score for intraoral mask (at the utmost Body mass index 95% CI, OR=1.162 p=0.006). The anxiety ratings of practitioners were similar between two masks. The work-load rating is higher with intraoral mask comparing to classic face mask. Conclusion: Intraoral mask may be an effective alternative device for bag-valve mask ventilation.

Abstract Objective The aim of this study is to examine the effectiveness of a single physician-led weight loss program in a primary care. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of 300 patients with a BMI >30 kg/m2 in an outpatient weight loss program. Weight loss interventions included lifestyle counseling and pharmacotherapy. Outcomes were assessed based on percentage weight change during a time period of two consecutive visits less than 90 days. Results We found that 57.7%, 43.3% and 16.1% patients who attended the clinic 5 or more times, 4-5 times, 2-3 times respectively achieved 5% weight loss (p < 0.0001). In regard to achieving 10% weight loss, 42.3%, 8.7% and 4.3% patients who attended the clinic 5 or more times, 4-5 times and 2-3 times did it respectively (p<0.0001). Moreover 60% of patients achieved 5% of weight loss in about 200 days, and 40% achieved 10% weight loss in 350 days. Patients who achieved 5% weight loss, their average A1c was reduced to 5.8 at their last visit from 6.4 at the first visit. Conclusions A single physician-led weight loss program is effective and can be created within a primary care setting to achieve 5-10% weight loss.

Background: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of medium power (MP) holmium laser devices in the enucleation of the enlarged prostate (HoLEP) adenomas compared to high power (HP) laser devices. Methods: Based on the device power used, a total of 120 patients were divided randomly into two groups. While patients in Group 1 were treated with a MP device (50 W) at 39.6-W (2.2J / 18Hz ), patients in Group 2 were treated with HP (100W) device at 42W (1.2J / 35Hz). Peri- and postoperative parameters were well evaluated in both groups with an emphasis on enucleation efficiency and hemoglobin decrease in a comparative manner. Results: Peri- and postoperative parameters as well as functional results were similar in the two groups. The median enucleation efficiency (EE) values in Group 1 and Group 2 were 1.15 (IQR: 0.33-2.2) and 1.11 (IQR: 0.4-2.8), respectively (p=0.775). Hemoglobin decrease values in Group 1 and Group 2 were 1.3 (IQR: 0.1-4) and 1.4 (IQR: 0.4-3.1), respectively (p=0.736). Significant improve in the postoperative functional parameters were noted again in both groups. Conclusion: Our results indicate well that similar to the HP laser devices, effective and safe removal of the enlarged prostate adenomas with MP laser devices (50W) is possible without any technical difficulties, even in patients receiving antithrombotic therapy.

Background: Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a fatal acute tick-borne viral infection and a substantial emerging global public health threat. This illness has a high case fatality rate of up to 40%. The liver is one of the important target organs of the CCHF virus. Objective: The aim of this meta-analysis to evaluate the correlation between CCHF  and liver injury and draw more generalized inferences about the abnormal serum markers of liver injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in CCHF patients. Methods: A literature search was accomplished for published eligible articles with MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases. All eligible observational studies and case series were included from around the world. The inclusion criteria were articles describing liver injury biomarkers AST and ALT amongst patients diagnosed with CCHF. Results: Data from 18 studies, consisting of 1238 patients with CCHF  were included in this meta-analysis. The overall pooled prevalence of at least one raised liver injury biomarker was 77.95% (95% CI, I2 = 88.50%, p < 0.0001). Similarly, pooled prevalence of elevated AST and ALT was 85.92% (95% CI, I2 = 85.27%,  p < 0.0001) and 64.30% (95% CI, I2 = 88.32%,  p < 0.0001) respectively.  Both Egger and Begg-Mazumdar’s tests detected no apparent publication bias in all three meta-analyses(p > 0.05).  Conclusion: These elevated liver injury biomarkers have been identified as significant prognostic factors. Hence, Physicians must recognize and continuously monitor these biomarkers, since these aid early stratification of prognosis and the prevention of severe outcomes in infection with such a high case fatality rate.

Abstract Aims: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is usually defined by two or more consecutive clinical miscarriages, which causes psychological trauma for couples. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive role of Fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR) in patients with RPL. Methods: Pregnant women in their first trimester of pregnancy were included in the study and divided in to two groups as RPL patients (n:44) and patients with no previous recurrent miscarriage (n:60) as control group. Demographical parameters and routine blood parameters (fibrinogen, D-dimer, fibrinogen to albumin ratio (FAR), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet count, main platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) values) were compared between the RPL group and the control group. Results: The groups were determined to be statistically different in regards to gravidity and parity (p<0.05). The difference between the groups was statistically different in regards to fibrinogen (mg/dl), albumin (g/dl), FAR (%), NLR (%), RDW-coefficient of variation (CV) (%), RDW-standard deviation (SD) (fL), and platelet counts (10-3/ uL). However, MPV (fL) and D-dimer (ug/L) levels were similar in both groups. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that the NLR levels were 84.1% sensitive and 75% specific with a cut-off value of 4.27 and the FAR levels were 79.5% sensitive and 88.3% specific with a cut-off value of 105.69 for predicting RPL. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the FAR and NLR levels seem to be effective parameters for predicting RPL with high sensitivity and specificity.

Context: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MISC) is a newly and rising condition, particularly in SARS-CoV-2 high transmission communities. Objective: Analyze current literature and reported cases of MISC, concerning its clinical spectrum, complications associated, therapeutic strategies and distinguishing features of other clinical syndromes. Data Sources: Extensive literature research was performed in MEDLINE (trough PubMed), Scopus and Web of Science from December 2019 to December 2020.Study Selection: First analysis included all article titles and abstracts screening to identify relevant studies and second analysis included a full text screening of previous selected studies. Eligibility was assessed independently by two authors and disagreements were resolved by discussion and consensus. Data Extraction: Data were extracted on MISC definition, demographic data, clinical features, diagnostic tests, laboratory analysis andimaging, therapeutical approach and outcomes. Results: Common symptoms included: gastrointestinal (70%), rash (57%) and cardiovascular (52% with shock). Notable differences with Kawasaki Disease were identified including age, clinical presentation and cardiac involvement. 30% presented positive SARS-CoV-2 2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and 51% positive serologies. 62% received intravenous immunoglobulin and 42% glucocorticoids. 62% required intensive care, 21 children died (<2%). Severe presentations were associated with neurological symptoms, hepatitis and acute kidney injury. Limitations: As a recently documented disease, there was limited prospective and follow-up studies, therefore disregarding long-term sequelae and prognosis. Conclusions: MISC raises concern on its severe cardiac involvement at presentation, with frequent intensive care and immunomodulatory therapy need. Short term outcomes seem to be favorable, with cardiac disfunction recovery and low mortality rates.

Introduction: The covid-19 disease is a pandemic threat for humanity’s healthcare system, social, economic, and psychological well-being for both developed and developing nations. In the case of developing nations such as the resource of Ethiopia, however, the key obstacle is to buy the vaccine and administer it to their people.. In the study area, however, the degree of adherence to the covid-19 preventive measure was not well established. The aim of this study is to determine adherence to covid-19 prevention measures in Hossana town. Methods: From 3 to 29 January 2021, a community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among individuals living in the Hosanna town. We used a sample size of 384. The sample size was distributed to all 8 kebeles in proportion to the size of the households contained in each kebele in the town of Hossana. Systematic sampling methods were used and both descriptive and advanced analysis, data was entered into Epi-data and exported to SPSS. Binary logistic regression was used to identify variables associated with adherence to preventive measures for covid-19. Result: 50.4% of the study participants had good adherence with the COVID-19 preventive measures. 145 (38.5%) of all respondents had poor knowledge on COVID-19 preventive measures and 40.3 % had poor COVID-19 transmission methods knowledge. Age [AOR: 0.34; 95 % CI (0.131-0.912)], educational status [AOR: 0.32; 95% CI (0.165-0.632)], marital status [AOR: 2; % CI (1.191-3.803)], family size [AOR: 2.4; % CI (1.322-4.366)]] and covid-19 complication [AOR: 0.49: 95% CI (0.242-0.979)]] were significantly associated with covid-19 prevention measurement adherence in multivariate analysis. Conclusion: This study found that approximately half of the participants had poor adherence to COVID-19 preventive measures. Factors associated with covid-19 preventive measures were age, educational age, marital status, family size, and heard about complication of COVID-19 were associated with preventive measures.

Aims: In our study,we aimed to investigate whether end-expiratory vena cava inferior (expVCI) diameter and vena cava inferior collapsibility index predicted post-spinal hypotension in geriatric patients undergoing spinal anesthesia, the correlation between them and other parameters. Material and methods: Our prospective study included ASA I-4,73 patients over 65 years of age, who were scheduled for operation using spinal anesthesia. According to the expVCI diameter displayed with USG before spinal anesthesia, patients; those with an expVCI diameter less than 1.8 cm previously determined as the threshold value are grouped as 1.(Small-VCI) Group,those greater than 1.8cm as 2.(Large-VCI) Group. Demographic characteristics of the patients, comorbidities, duration and type of operation, basal (preoperative) heart rate, systolic, diastolic, mean blood pressure, peripheral oxygen saturation values before spinal anesthesia and after spinal anesthesia in supine position (0 min) and 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th, 25th, 30th min and preoperative arterial blood gas parameters, amount of peroperative urine and bleeding, inotropic and fluid requirement, complications were recorded. Results: Hypotension developed in 28(38.4%) patients and bradycardia in 14 (19.2%) of patients. The patients who developed hypotension had more ASA 2 and ASA 3 (p=0.01), shorter height (p=0.02), and smaller expVCI diameter (p=0.004).It was observed that they had higher lactate (p=0.03), lower pH (p=0.006) values, and more inotropic agents were administered (p<0.001). While the rate of developing hypotension was 51.1% (n=23) in the patients in the Small-VCI group, this rate was 17.9% (n=5) in the patients in the Large-VCI group (p=0.004). Conclusion: It was concluded that the expVCI diameter value measured by USG before spinal anesthesia in elderly patients is effective in predicting post-spinal hypotension with lactate and pH values, which are among the blood gas parameters, and expVCI can be preferred to invasive methods due to its noninvasive, easy and fast application.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of radiological staging, especially renal venous and perirenal fat invasion, in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Material & Methods: Data of 4823 renal tumor patients from Renal Tumor Database of Association of Uro-oncology in Turkey were evaluated. Of 4823 patients, 3309 RCC patients had complete radiological and histopathological data were included to this study. The Pearson Chi-squared test (χ2) was used to compare radiological and histopathological stages. Results: The mean (SD) age of 3309 patients was 58 (12.3). Preoperative radiological imaging was performed using computed tomography (CT) (n=2510, 75.8%) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (n=799, 24.2%). There was a substantial concordance between radiological and pathological staging (к=0.52, p<0.001). Sensitivities of radiological staging in stage I, II, III and IV were 90.7%, 67.3%, 27.7% and 64.2%, respectively. The sensitivity in stage III was lower than the other stages. Sub-analysis of stage IIIa cases revealed that, for perirenal fat invasion and renal vein invasion, sensitivity values were 15.4% and 11.3%, respectively. Conclusions: There was a substantial concordance between radiological (CT and/or MRI) and pathological T staging in RCC. However, this is not true for T3 cases. Sensitivity of preoperative radiological imaging in patients with pT3a tumors is insufficient and lower than the other stages. Consequently, preoperative imaging in patients with T3 RCC has to be improved, in order to better inform the patients regarding prognosis of their disease.

Background: COVID-19 pandemic has caused fear all around the world. With people avoiding hospitals, there has been a significant decrease in outpatient clinics. In this study, we aimed to compare and explore the first-peak of the pandemic period by studying its effects on patient applications, new diagnoses, and treatment approaches in a non-infected hospital. Methods: We collected data from the first peak of the pandemic period in Turkey, from the pandemic’s declaration (March 11, 2020) to social normalization (June 1, 2020), and compared it with data from a pre-pandemic period with a similar length of time. We analyzed the data of breast cancer patients from application to surgery. Results: The data of 34,577 patients were analyzed for this study. The number of patients who applied to outpatient clinics decreased significantly during the pandemic period. After excluding control patients and benign disorders, a figure was reached for the number of patients who had a new diagnosis of breast cancer (146 vs 250), were referred to neoadjuvant treatment (18 vs 34), and were treated with surgery (121 vs 229). All numbers decreased during the pandemic period, except for surgeries after neoadjuvant treatment (29 vs 27). Surgical treatment approaches also changed. However, the rate of newly diagnosed breast cancer patients treated with surgery was similar in both periods. None of these patients were diagnosed with COVID-19 or died during the pandemic. Conclusion: This study shows that non-infected hospitals can be useful in avoiding delays in the surgical treatment of cancer patients.

Objective To analyze the effect of nasopharyngeal ventilation on the detection rate of colorectal polyps in 200 middle-aged and elderly overweight patients during painless colonoscopy. Methods A total of 100 patients aged 50-75 years, body mass index (BMI) ≥24 or abdominal circumference ≥85 cm in males and ≥82 cm in females, without underlying diseases, who underwent nasopharyngeal ventilation during painless colonoscopy at physical examinations in our hospital from 2019 to 2020, were selected as the observation subjects (n = 100). The control sample area was determined by propensity matching according to the basic information characteristics presented by the observation group. 100 patients received mask oxygen at physical examinations were randomly selected in the control group (n = 100). Results The verification analysis after matching indicated that there were no intraoperative and postoperative adverse reactions, the number of intraoperative limb movements was less than 1, and the intestinal peristalsis intervals were more than 5s in both groups, without atropine intervention. Colonoscopy was performed by senior endoscopists with a withdrawal time of 6-8 min. When the intraoperative SpO2 was lower than 90% but higher than 85%, the patients in the observation group underwent nasopharyngeal ventilation while those in the control group received mask oxygen assisted chin-lift. As a result, the SpO2 was maintained higher than 90%. The detection rate of colorectal polyps was compared between the two groups. Conclusion The detection rate of colorectal polyps in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, with a statistically significant difference. It may result from the reduction of ineffective respiratory movement and intraoperative intestinal peristalsis in middle-aged and elderly overweight patients.

Background: CRC incidence is increasing in our region. There is no specific CRC control program or national cancer registry in Pakistan. Previously no data has been published on presentation and diagnosis delay of CRC in our region. This study is conducted to determine the factor affecting delay in presentation and diagnosis and to provide baseline information to launch a CRC control program. Primary objective is to determine factor causing delay in diagnosis of CRC. Secondary objective is to evaluate relationship between tumor site and stage of CRC with presenting symptoms and symptom duration. Methods: This project is a prospective cross-sectional study on 113 biopsy-proven CRC patients admitted to the surgical ward of civil hospital Karachi. Results: A total number of participants was 113. Presentation delay was observed in 83.2% of patients. The main reasons for a reported delay in the presentation were lack of patients’ knowledge that these symptoms may be cancer (60.4%), the wrong diagnosis by the primary physician (34.6%), or the patient didn’t want to visit the doctor (0.04%). Most tumors (95%) originated from the sigmoid and rectum. 38.9% and 44.2% of the patients diagnosed at Stage 4 and 3 respectively. Conclusions: This study revealed that CRC patients in Pakistan are facing delays in presentation and diagnosis. This is the reason behind diagnosis at the advanced stage with a poor prognosis. Based on this study findings CRC control program should be introduced to detect CRC at an early stage. Keywords: Colorectal cancer, Colon, Rectum, Cancer, Presentation delay, Diagnosis delay.

Background: The known primary radiological diagnosis of Chiari Malformation-I (CM-I) is based on the degree of tonsillar herniation ( TH) below the Foramen Magnum (FM). However, recent data also shows the association of such malformation with smaller posterior cranial fossa (PCF) volume and the anatomical issues regarding the Odontoid. This study presents the achieved result regarding some detected potential radiological findings that may aid CM-I diagnosis using several machine learning (ML) algorithms. Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2020, radiological examinations of 100 clinically/radiologically proved symptomatic CM-I cases and 100 control were evaluated by matching age and gender. A team of Neuroradiologists had reviewed the MR images of the study population. A total of 11 different radiological parameters were assessed for CM-I diagnosis. The parameters were defined and examined in 5 designed different ML algorithms. Statistical analysis was conducted for data analysis. Results: The mean age of patients was 29.92 ± 15.03 years. The primary presenting symptoms were headaches (62%). Syringomyelia and retrocurved-odontoid were detected in 34% and 8% of patients, respectively. All of the morphometric measures were significantly different between the groups, except for the distance from the dens axis to the posterior margin of FM. The Radom Forest model is found to have the best 1.0 (14 of 14) ratio of accuracy in regard to 14 different combinations of morphometric features. Conclusion: This study indicates the potential usefulness of ML-guided PCF measurements, other than TH, that may be used to predict and diagnose CM-I accurately. Our results support the view of TH as a single radiological parameter may fail during the diagnosis of CM-I. Combining two or three preferable osseous structure-based parameters may increase the accuracy of radiological diagnosis of CM-I.

Aim: Urinary incontinence is an important problem that can arise due to neurogenic or functional reasons and can negatively affect the psychological, social and personality development of children. This study was conducted in Eskişehir province, on secondary school students in order to determine the prevalence and nature of urinary incontinence at night and/or daytime. Methods: The study universe included all secondary school students attending state elementary schools in the city center of Eskişehir (N=34.000). Ethics Committee and Provincial Directorate of National Education approval was obtained before conducting the study, which was supported by Eskişehir Osmangazi University Scientific Research Projects Commission (2017-1876) . A data collection form prepared by the researchers, and a consent form were delivered in sealed envelope to the parents via the students. The study data were collected between 09.05.2018-30.05.2018. Only volunteers were included in the study. 6957 questionnaires which have been fully completed from the 7370 surveys have been taken into consideration. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS soft ware package. Results: The number of children found to have urinary incontinence was determined to be 215 (3.1%). It has been determined that 33 children (0.5%) have urinary incontinence only at daytime, 61 children (0.9%) have urinary incontinence both at night and daytime, and 121 children (1.7%) have urinary incontinence only at night. It was observed that 56% of the children suffering from urinary incontinence had not applied to any health institution for treatment before. Conclusions: Children and families with urinary incontinence need medical information and support to cover the cause of the problem and suggestions for solutions. Accompanying pathologies in cases to be detected can be determined in the early period by means of school screenings and medical evaluation and support can prevent the psychosocial and personality development of children from being adversely affected.

Objective Although it may have been criticized and questioned by numerous authors, external fixation holds its place in modern orthopaedics and traumatology. The aim of this paper is to show the applicability of the unilateral 3D external fixation in everyday practice. Methods For external fixation of the bones, we used unilateral 3D external fixators according to Mitkovic. Results In the Republic of Serbia, the Mitkovic unilateral 3D external fixation system has been used in over 30,000 cases. The indication field of applicability of this method is wide. External fixation method was mostly used for the treatment of open and closed tibial fractures at all levels, in open femoral fractures as a part of the “staging” protocol and in fractures of the upper limbs. We used external fixation for the treatment of nonunions, malunions, in the treatment of osteitis, septic pseudoarthrosis, angular knee deformities, post-traumatic deformities, for limb lengthening and in replantation surgery. Conclusion The unilateral external fixator enables 3D biomechanical stability and is suitable for use in everyday traumatology and orthopaedics practice.

Objectives: To evaluate clinical characteristics and prognosis of patients presented with ventricular tachyarrhythmia (VTA) during the course of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and to analyze it according to period of presentation. Background: VTA is an infrequent yet serious complication of ACS. There is limited data regarding the incidence and prognostic implications of VTA in the last decade as compared with the previous decade. Methods: We evaluated clinical characteristics, major adverse cardiovascular events, short and long- term mortality of patients hospitalized with ACS who were enrolled in the Acute Coronary Syndrome Israeli Survey (ACSIS) during the years 2000-2016. Patients were classified into three groups: no VTA, early VTA (≤48h of onset) and late VTA (>48h of onset). Data were analyzed according to decades of presentation (current decade vs. previous decade). Results: The study population comprised 15,200 patients. VTA occurred in 487 (3.2%) of patients. Early VTA presented in 373/487 (77%) patients and late VTA in 114/487 (23%) patients. VTA’s, occurring in ACS patients were associated with increased risk of in-hospital, 30-days, 1-year and 5-year mortality rates during both early and late periods in compared with no VTA. Moreover, late VTA was associated with the highest mortality rate with up to 65% in 5-year follow up (p<0.001). Nevertheless, late VTA was associated with lower mortality rate in the current decade (2008-2016) compared with last decade (2000-2006). Conclusions: Any VTA following ACS was associated with high short and long-term mortality rate. However, over the past decade there has been a significant improvement in survival rates, especially in patients with late VTA. This may be attributed to early and invasive reperfusion therapy, implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation and better medical treatment.

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) which is characterized by persistent airflow restriction and respiratory symptoms. Studies demonstrated that cardiac arrhythmias, cardiovascular mortality and cardiac death increased in these patients due to altered myocardial repolarization. Frontal QRS-T angle is a novel marker of myocardial depolarization and repolarization heterogeneity. In this study, we aimed to investigate the relationship between frontal QRS-T angle and COPD severity in patients with newly diagnosed COPD. Methods: A total of 104 newly diagnosed COPD patients without any significant comorbidities were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups according to GOLD stage as follows: patients with mild and moderate COPD (group I) and severe and very severe COPD (group II). Frontal QRS-T angle was calculated from the automatic report of the electrocardiography device . Results: Frontal QRS-T angle was significantly higher in group II patients compared to in group I patients (43.0 [25.5-60.0] vs. 20.0 [12.0-32.0], P < 0.001). The best cut-off value of frontal QRS-T angle for predicting severe-very severe COPD was ≥ 34.5°. Correlation analysis showed that frontal QRS-T angle was negatively correlated with FEV1/FVC (r = –0.524, P < 0.001) and MEF25-75 (r = –0.453, P < 0.001). In linear regression analysis, It was found that MEF25-75 (β: –0.593, P = 0.006) was the only independent predictor of the frontal QRS-T angle. Conclusions: Frontal QRS-T angle, an easily obtainable marker form surface electrocardiography. In this study, we have shown for the first time that frontal QRS-T angle was significantly increased in patients with severe and very severe COPD.

Background: To determine the frequency of breastfeeding of mothers working in primary care, the differences between different employment groups, and the effective factors. Methods: This descriptive research study was conducted with a self-report online survey design. The snowball sampling method was used for the sample selection, and 151 family physicians and 126 family health professionals were included in the study during the research period (June 2019-December 2019). A 35-item survey was used to collect data. The response rate was 44.9% (49.5% family physicians/40.3% family health professionals). Results: The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 3.9 ± 2.0 months, and the mean duration of total breastfeeding was 16.7 ± 8.5 months. There was no significant difference between the family physicians and family health professionals in terms of exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.580) and total breastfeeding (P = 0.325) durations. The most common reasons for weaning was reduced milk supply (25.6%) and not being able to use breastfeeding leave (23.1%) due to problems at work. Of the sample, 41.3% had problems with their co-workers and 41.9% had problems related to patient care when taking breastfeeding leave. Working in a baby-friendly center (P = 0.010), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.001), and increased hours of breastfeeding leave taken (P = 0.001) had a positive effect on breastfeeding for ≥24 months while experiencing problems with co-workers in taking breastfeeding leave (P = 0.023) had a negative effect on this variable. Conclusions: All of the factors that were determined to affect the continuation of breastfeeding for ≥24 months are modifiable. It is very important for relevant authorities to undertake necessary action to improve the conditions of working mothers based on these results. Health professional that can maintain the balance between family and work will work more efficiently.