Although metoclopramide has many adverse effects, Torsade de pointes (TdP) is rare. We describe a fatal case of repeated ventricular fibrillation following TdP, due to multiple administrations of metoclopramide. Multiple administrations of metoclopramide over a short time to a patient with risk factors of TdP should be reconsidered.

Myeloid Sarcoma in Brain and Optic Nerve Presented as a Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Case Report Mais Musleh, MD1, Samer Musleh, MD2, Manal Sheikhi, MD3Authors :1Mais Musleh, MD: Department of hematology, AL-Assad University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, [email protected] Musleh, MD: Department of neurosurgery, AL- Abasieen Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria. [email protected] Sheikhi, MD: Department of hematology, AL-Assad University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria. [email protected]:CORRESPONDING AUTHOR :Mais Musleh, MD hematology, AL-Assad University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Damascus, Syria.Syria, Rif-Dimashq, Sahnaya, Al-Azroni Street.Mobile phone: +963958203968E-mail: [email protected]:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2148-2921

Hepatic arteriovenous malformation mostly occurs as a manifestation of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Clinical symptoms include hyperpulsatile heart failure, hepatic encephalopathy, and ascites. We present a case of hepatic arteriovenous malformation and atrial septal defect causing heart failure.

Myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) with concurrent BCR-ABL1 fusion gene and CALR mutation are especially rare.We report a patient with coexisting BCR-ABL1 fusion gene, CALR and TET2 mutations who was treated with the combination of the second-generation TKI nilotinib and JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor ruxolitinib.

Borderline ovarian Brenner tumors are rare, mainly diagnosed manopause. We reported in a previous article the first pregnancy after a fertility sparing surgery. We now report the first baby birth after unilateral salpingo-oophorectomy for a borderline ovarian Brenner tumor and a review of the literature on fertility sparing surgery.

Female intravesical foreign body penetrating the bladder wall: a rare case of traditional Asian hair stick kanzashiMasahiro Arai, MD; Hideki Takeshita, MD, PhD; Wataru Hirata, MD; Kojiro Tachibana, MD; Shoichi Nagamoto, MD; Sachi Kitayama, MD, PhD; Akihiro Yano, MD, PhD, Yohei Okada, MD, PhD, Satoru Kawakami, MD, PhDDepartment of Urology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Kawagoe, Saitama, Japan

Title: Castleman disease presenting as a longstanding axillary and chest wall mass: A case reportWenqing Zhou1*, Xing Liu2*, Aiming Qiu3*, Teng Ni4, Tiangeng Dong5, Lei Ding6Wenqing Zhou, Xing Liu and Aiming Qiu contributed equally to this workCorrespondence should be addressed to Tiangeng Dong; [email protected] and Lei Ding; [email protected]: Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can present with various clinical features. We present a case of a 30-year-old female with a progressively enlarging mass in the left axilla and chest wall for ten years. After diagnostic workup, including ultrasonography, MRI, and core needle biopsy, the patient underwent surgical excision of the mass. The diagnosis of Castleman disease was confirmed through pathological and immunohistochemical examinations. The patient recovered well postoperatively with a good prognosis.Keyword: Castleman disease, axillary, chest wallIntroduction: Castleman disease, first described in 1956 by Dr. Benjamin Castleman, is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. This disease can affect any lymphoid tissue in the body and present with localized or systemic symptoms. The diagnosis is based on pathological examination, and the disease has a varied clinical course and response to treatment[1].Case report: The patient was a 30-year-old female with a ten-year history of a progressively enlarging mass in the left axilla and chest wall (Figure 1). The mass was initially small and asymptomatic but had gradually increased in size over the years. The patient had no significant medical history or family history of lymphoproliferative disorders.Diagnostic workup, including ultrasonography(Figure 2) and MRI[Figure 3A,3B], revealed a well-circumscribed, heterogeneously enhancing mass measuring 10 x 6 x 3 cm . A core needle biopsy was performed, and pathological and immunohistochemical examinations revealed clonal lymphoid proliferation within fibrotic stroma (Figure 4A,4B). The histopathological features were consistent with the hyaline vascular variant of Castleman disease [2].After appropriate preoperative preparation, the patient underwent surgical excision of the mass. Intraoperative findings revealed a well-encapsulated mass that was adherent to the chest wall muscles. The mass was completely excised with negative margins. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5.Histopathological examination of the excised mass confirmed the diagnosis of Castleman disease. The immunohistochemical profile was consistent with the hyaline vascular variant, which is characterized by clonal proliferation of B-cells with follicular dendritic cell expansion.Discussion: Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can present with varied clinical features[3]. The disease has two major histological subtypes: hyaline vascular and plasma cell. The more common hyaline vascular subtype presents with localized lymphadenopathy, while the less common plasma cell subtype is associated with systemic symptoms and multiorgan involvement[4].Diagnosis of Castleman disease requires a combination of clinical, radiological, and pathological findings. Treatment options include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy, depending on the subtype, stage, and extent of the disease[5]. The localized hyaline vascular subtype generally has a good prognosis, while the systemic plasma cell subtype has a more variable clinical course[6].Conclusion: Castleman disease should be considered as a differential diagnosis for longstanding masses in lymphoid tissue. Appropriate diagnostic workup, including imaging and pathological examinations, is crucial for accurate diagnosis and optimal management. Surgical excision can offer a curative treatment with a good prognosis for the localized hyaline vascular subtype [7].AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by grants from the Science and Education Foundation of Wujiang District (wwk202019).References:[1] Oksenhendler E. The Spectrum of Castleman’s Disease and its Treatment. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2016;2016(1):327-334.[2] Chan KL, Tong J, Loong F, et al. Castleman’s disease: a report of 18 cases from a single institution. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16(5):1988-1995.[3] Soumerai JD, Sohani AR, Abramson JS. Diagnosis and management of Castleman disease. Cancer Control. 2014;21(4):266-278.[4] Dispenzieri A. Castleman disease. Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2018;2018(1):324-329. doi:10.1182/asheducation-2018.1.324[5] Liu AY, Nabel CS, Finkelman BS, et al. Idiopathic multicentric Castleman’s disease: a systematic literature review. Lancet Haematol. 2016;3(4):e163-e175. doi:10.1016/S2352-3026(16)00015-X[6] Talat N, Belgaumkar AP, Schulte KM. Surgery in Castleman’s disease: a systematic review of 404 published cases. Ann Surg. 2012;255(4):677-684. doi:10.1097/SLA.0b013e31824a57e9[7] van Rhee F, Stone K, Szmania S, Barlogie B, Singh Z. Castleman disease in the 21st century: an update on diagnosis, assessment, and therapy. Clin Adv Hematol Oncol. 2010;8(7):486-498

Background: Trisomy 17 is a rare chromosomal disorder with limited existing literature that mostly refer to mosaic Trisomy 17 cases. Our report summarizes the clinical course of a neonate with a Trisomy 17 karyotype der (14;17) (q10; p10), + 17 pat. Key words: Trisomy 17, Unbalanced translocation, Paternal origin

Adrenal infarction with latent myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable with JAK2 V617F mutationShunichiro Yasuda1, Momoko Chiba1, Rie Nishitani2 and Takako Watanabe21Department of Hematology, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital, Tokyo, Japan2Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tokyo Kyosai Hospital,Tokyo, JapanCorrespondence: Shunichiro Yasuda, M.D., Ph.D.Hematology Division Tokyo Kyosai Hospital 2-3-8 Nakameguro Meguro-ku Tokyo, 153-8934, JapanTel: +81-3-3712-3151 Fax 81-3-3793-5582E-mail:[email protected] TYPE: Case reportAUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONSSY, MC, RN, TW: were involved in the patient care and management. SY, MC and RN: prepared the initial draft of the manuscript. SY, MC, TW: edited the draft and reviewed the manuscript. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript and agreed to be accountable for any aspects related to the accuracy or integrity of the work.ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThe authors would like to thank all clinicians involved in this case and Editage (www.editage.jp) for the English language editing.FUNDING INFROMATIONThere is no funding for this article.CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENTThe authors have no conflicts of interest relevant to the content of this article.DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENTThe data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.ETHICS STATEMENTThis manuscript confirms to the provisions of the Declaration of Helsinki in 1995 (as revised in Brazil 2013).CONSENTWritten informed consent was obtained from the patient to publish this report in accordance with the journal‘s patient consent policy.Key Clinical MessageHematopoietic neoplasms are considered a differential diagnosis when encountering adrenal infarction. We should recognize thatJAK2 V617F mutation can cause thrombogenicity even if there are no abnormal findings in the blood cell counts.AbstractAdrenal infarction, a rare ailment, has been sporadically linked to hematopoietic neoplasms. A 46-year-old male encountered left adrenal infarction, which coincided with a progressive rise in platelet counts. Subsequent diagnosis revealed myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U), featuring a JAK2 V617F mutation. Simultaneously, the patient manifested multiple arteriovenous thromboses, necessitating treatment with edoxaban, aspirin, and hydroxyurea. Following thrombosis resolution, he was transferred to a transplantation center. This report delves into the thrombogenicity linked to the JAK2 V617F mutation, while also examining documented instances of adrenal infarction in myeloid neoplasms.Key words; adrenal infarction, myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U), JAK2 V617F, CHIPINTRODUCTIONAdrenal infarction is a rare condition that occasionally develops in a hypercoagulable state 1. Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS), COVID-19 infection, and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HITT) have been reported as underlying diseases of adrenal infarction1-3. Adrenal infarctions have also been rarely linked to myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN), such as polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) 4,5.Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) is a hematological disorder that exhibits characteristics of both MDS and MPN6,7. According to the revised version of the 4th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification, the categories of MDS/MPN include chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia (aCML), MDS/MPN with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T), and MDS/MPN-unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U)6-8. The diagnosis of MDS/MPN-U is based on ruling out any other subtype of MDS/MPN 7,8. Approximately 25% of cases with MDS/MPN-U have JAK2 V617F mutations8, which is a major mutation in patients with MPN9. As patients with MDS/MPN-U exhibit MPN characteristics, they may have a high risk of thrombosis. However, due to the rarity of this disease, the frequency of thrombosis in patients with MDS/MPN-U has not yet been thoroughly investigated.Herein, we present a case of JAK2 V617F-positive MDS/MPN-U with adrenal infarction. The present case had a unique clinical course in which the platelet count of the patient was almost normal at the time of adrenal infarction; however, later, the counts increased, and the characteristics of MPN became apparent. We report this case with a discussion of the thrombogenicity caused by the JAK2 V617F mutation and review previously reported cases of adrenal infarction in myeloid neoplasms.CASE HISTORY/ EXAMINATIONA 46-year-old previously healthy man presented to our emergency department with epigastric and left hypochondrial pain. He had no history of medication or family history of thrombophilia. On physical examination, his body temperature was 37.1 °C, blood pressure was 152/101 mmHg, heart rate was 118 bpm, and oxygen saturation was 97%. Electrocardiography (ECG) findings were normal, and chest radiograph showed no abnormalities. Blood tests revealed a slight increase in the platelet count (42.6×104/μL) and mild anemia (Hemoglobin: 12.9g/dL); the COVID-19 antigen test was negative. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed left adrenal hypertrophy and non-contrast-enhancing areas of the adrenal gland. Additionally, there was increased density of adipose tissue and fluid retention around the left adrenal gland (Fig.1A). Subsequently, he received a diagnosis of left adrenal infarction. The patient was urgently admitted to our hospital, and heparin 10000 U/day was initiated (Fig. 2). While the adrenal infarction was unilateral, there were no signs of adrenal insufficiency based on vital signs and laboratory data.DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS, INVESTIGATIONS AND TREATMENTDue to the potential for adrenal insufficiency, we initiated the administration of hydrocortisone as a steroid cover. Endocrine examinations indicated the maintenance of the adrenal function of the patient; consequently, the hydrocortisone dose was tapered and terminated. His epigastric and left hypochondrial pain steadily relieved, and follow-up contrast-enhanced CT on day 7 revealed resolution of the left adrenal infarction (Fig.1B). Subsequently, we transitioned the antithrombotic therapy from heparin 10000U/day to edoxaban 30 mg/day, and the patient was discharged on day 16. As for the thrombotic predisposition that led to the adrenal infarction, the increase in platelet counts was not remarkable. Both protein C activity and protein S activities were within the normal range(148% and 73%, respectively). The lupus anticoagulant was negative. Hence, we could not find any causes of adrenal infarction.OUTCOME AND FOLLOW-UPSoon after discharge from our hospital, the patient suffered from a headache. Considering the possibility of edoxaban-induced headache, edoxaban treatment was discontinued on day 20. Two months later, he presented to our hospital with a persistent headache despite discontinuing edoxaban treatment. He was diagnosed with cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) on contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and edoxaban treatment was resumed on day 88. Simultaneously, the patient presented with right hypochondrial pain, and contrast-enhanced CT showed mild hypertrophy of the right adrenal gland (Fig.1C). He was clinically diagnosed with right adrenal infarction. Furthermore, abdominal aortic mural thrombosis was incidentally detected on contrast-enhanced CT. Regarding multiple arteriovenous thromboses in a short period, his thrombotic predisposition was examined again. Blood tests showed that various autoantibodies were all negative, and the patient did not have diabetes or dyslipidemia (Table.1). However, the platelet counts, which were almost normal at the time of the first admission, gradually increased (Fig.2). Suspecting MPN, especially ET, we examined the presence of JAK2 V617F mutation, which was found to be positive. Bone marrow aspiration showed no increase in the blasts but showed dysplastic features in granulocytes, erythroblasts, and megakaryocytes; a chromosomal abnormality with der(1;7)(q10;p10) was found in 20 out of 20 cells. Bone marrow biopsy showed no bone marrow fibrosis. WT1mRNA was slightly high (71 copies/µgRNA). Since our patient had characteristics of both MDS and MPN and the diagnostic criteria for other MDS/MPN subtypes were not fulfilled, he was diagnosed with MDS/MPN-U. At the same time, the patient was aware of a rash resembling urticaria rash and pruritus on both lower legs, with mild increase in eosinophils (8.1%). The rash and pruritus improved with the use of an antihistamine cream. Since his thrombocytosis was not remarkable (59.7×10⁴/µL) and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) ristocetin cofactor activity (vWF:RCo) did not decrease (89%), the risk of bleeding might not be high 10,11. The patient was then treated with edoxaban (30 mg/day) and aspirin (100 mg/day).On day 131, the patient was admitted to our hospital again for close examination and treatment because his platelet counts further increased (Fig.2) and the development of a new thrombosis was expected. After admission, contrast-enhanced MRI and contrast-enhanced CT were performed, which showed resolution of all arteriovenous thromboses, including the right adrenal infarction (Fig.1D). The platelet counts rose to approximately 100×10⁴/µL; therefore, hydroxyurea 500 mg/day was started on day 137 as cytoreductive therapy, which was increased to 1000 mg/day on day 140. His eosinophil count also gradually increased with a skin rash flare-up. A skin biopsy was performed, leading to the pathological diagnosis of leukocytoclastic vasculitis, which was considered closely related to MDS with der(1;7)(q10;p10)10,11. After the hydroxyurea treatment, both the platelet and eosinophil counts decreased, leading to no recurrence of new thrombosis or improvement of the skin rash. Both JAK2 V617F allele burden and the copy numbers of WT1mRNA increased in our patient, suggesting that MDS/MPN-U progressed. Furthermore, MDS with der(1;7)(p10;q10) complicated by eosinophilia has aggressive clinical features and a poor prognosis 13,14. As the prognosis of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is poor in patients with MDS/MPN-U who have progressive disease or severe complications 12, earlier allo-HSCT might be preferable. After obtaining adequate informed consent, including the risks and benefits of allo-HSCT, the patient was transferred to the transplantation center to receive allo-HSCT at the optimal time.DISCUSSIONIn this manuscript, we present a case of JAK2 V617F-positive MDS/MPN-U with multiple thromboses, including adrenal infarction. Although the precise mechanisms of thrombogenesis in MDS/MPN-U have not been elucidated, we speculate that MDS/MPN-U caused multiple thromboses since our patient did not have any other risk factors for thrombosis or a thrombotic predisposition. Notably, the first adrenal infarction occurred when the platelet count was only slightly elevated and MDS/MPN was not apparent. To date, various mechanisms of thrombogenesis byJAK2 V617F have been reported; 1) JAK2 V617F-positive neutrophils and monocytes release inflammatory cytokines, leading to arteriosclerosis and arterial thrombosis 13. 2)JAK2 V617F-positive neutrophils activate β1/2 integrin, promoting venous thrombosis 14,15. 3) Vascular endothelial cell expression of　JAK2 V617F promotes a prothrombotic state due to increased P-selectin expression 16. Recently, Clonal Hematopoiesis (CH) has been identified and genetic mutations associated with the disease have been detected before the development of hematological malignancies 17,18. In addition, when CH occurs and the variant allele frequency (VAF) exceeds 2%, it is called CH with indeterminate potential (CHIP) 17.JAK2 V617F-CHIP holders had a higher incidence of both arterial and venous thromboses than non-holders 17. In the present case, JAK2 V617F-CHIP may have been associated with the thrombogenicity of adrenal infarction.Previously, five cases of myeloid neoplasms that developed into adrenal infarctions have been reported (Table.2). Among these cases, two patients with ET had JAK2 V617F mutations 4,5. Indeed, one patient developed adrenal infarction before the diagnosis of ET, indicating that JAK2 V617F-CHIP was closely associated with adrenal infarction, as in our case 4. However, one patient with MDS/MPN-U did not harbor the JAK2 V617F mutation19, indicating that other gene mutations may contribute to the thrombogenesis in MDS/MPN-U. Furthermore, one case with MDS had adrenal infarction with no other thrombotic predisposition, such as MPN, suggesting that the hypercoagulable state associated with MDS may contribute to thrombogenesis 20. With reference to these case reports, other factors as well asJAK2 V617F mutation, may have caused the adrenal infarction in our case with MDS/MPN-U. A previous study suggested that SF3B1 may be a risk factor for thrombosis in MDS/MPN-RS-T, a subtype of MDS/MPN21. At present, SF3B1 mutation analysis is required for the accurate classification of MDS/MPN subtypes according to the latest 5th WHO classification. However, SF3B1 analysis can only be performed at a limited number of centers in Japan and is not available at our hospital. If SF3B1 or other gene mutation analyses become widespread and can be performed in daily practice, more accurate predictions can be made regarding the risk of thrombosis in MDS/MPN subtypes in the future.All six cases in Table.2, including the current case, developed complications such as adrenal insufficiency and thromboses at other sites. Among the six patients, five had bilateral adrenal infarction4,5,19,20,22 and four developed primary adrenal insufficiency that required steroid replacement therapies4,19,20,22. In our case, the adrenal infarction was unilateral and improved soon after edoxaban treatment. Although our patient subsequently developed adrenal infarction contralaterally, the lesions of adrenal infarction were small; therefore, the patient did not develop adrenal insufficiency.Among the six patients shown in Table.2, four developed thromboses at other sites, including one case of angina pectoris that required percutaneous coronary intervention 5. Our patient simultaneously developed CVT, abdominal aortic mural thrombosis, and adrenal infarction. In accordance with the recommendations of a previous study on the combination of antiplatelet and anticoagulant drugs for arteriovenous thrombosis in patients with MPN 23, the patient was treated with edoxaban and aspirin, and all thromboses disappeared.Although the six cases in Table.2 did not develop adrenal hemorrhagic infarction, they sometimes occurred after adrenal infarction. The mechanisms underlying adrenal infarction and adrenal hemorrhagic infarction are not fully understood; however, it is hypothesized that they are related to the unique vascular anatomy of the adrenal gland4,19,24. When treating adrenal infarction, attention should be paid to adrenal hemorrhagic infarction. In particular, patients with MPN have an increased risk of bleeding owing to a decrease in vWF activity associated with an increase in the platelet count25. Therefore, patients with adrenal infarction who have characteristics of MPN should be examined for vWF activity before starting treatment with antithrombotic agents.Patients with MDS/MPN-U generally have a poor prognosis with a median overall survival of 12.4 months, as reported by a previous study8. Although the efficacy of ruxolitinib or hypomethylating agents for MDS/MPN-U has been reported26,27, they are not curative, and the only curative treatment option is allo-HSCT 12. Since patients with severe complications before allo-HSCT have a worse prognosis, management of these complications is crucial for patients with MDS/MPN-U. Although our patient had multiple arteriovenous thromboses, they were managed with antithrombotic agents, and the patient was eventually transferred to the transplantation center without any complications.CONCLUSIONWe report a case of JAK2 V617F-positive MDS/MPN-U with adrenal infarction. Hematopoietic neoplasms are considered a differential diagnosis when encountering adrenal infarction with unknown causes. Even if there are no abnormal findings in the blood cell counts at the time of adrenal infarction, they should be carefully monitored, and when MPN is suspected, JAK2 V617F mutation should be examined. Finally, patients with adrenal infarction of hematopoietic neoplasms often have complications, and management of these complications is crucial, especially in patients eligible for allo-HSCT.REFERENCES1. Espinosa G, Santos E, Cervera R, et al. Adrenal involvement in the antiphospholipid syndrome: clinical and immunologic characteristics of 86 patients. Med (Baltim) . Mar 2003;82(2):106-18. doi:10.1097/00005792-200303000-000052. VanderVeer EA, Torbiak RP, Prebtani AP, Warkentin TE. Spontaneous heparin-induced thrombocytopenia syndrome presenting as bilateral adrenal infarction after knee arthroplasty. BMJ Case Rep . Dec 29 2019;12(12)doi:10.1136/bcr-2019-2327693. Leyendecker P, Ritter S, Riou M, et al. Acute adrenal infarction as an incidental CT finding and a potential prognosis factor in severe SARS-CoV-2 infection: a retrospective cohort analysis on 219 patients.Eur Radiol . Feb 2021;31(2):895-900. doi:10.1007/s00330-020-07226-54. Hada Y, Yamada A, Kobayashi T, et al. Bilateral Adrenal Infarction that Developed in Latent Essential Thrombocythemia. Intern Med . Jun 21 2023;doi:10.2169/internalmedicine.1947-235. Iemura T, Mano C, Oba A, et al. [Essential thrombocythemia accompanied by adrenal infarction]. Rinsho Ketsueki . 2019;60(2):106-111. doi:10.11406/rinketsu.60.1066. Palomo L, Meggendorfer M, Hutter S, et al. Molecular landscape and clonal architecture of adult myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood . Oct 15 2020;136(16):1851-1862. doi:10.1182/blood.20190042297. Gerke MB, Christodoulou I, Karantanos T. Definitions, Biology, and Current Therapeutic Landscape of Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms. Cancers (Basel) . Jul 27 2023;15(15)doi:10.3390/cancers151538158. DiNardo CD, Daver N, Jain N, et al. Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN, U): natural history and clinical outcome by treatment strategy.Leukemia . Apr 2014;28(4):958-61. doi:10.1038/leu.2014.89. Luque Paz D, Kralovics R, Skoda RC. Genetic basis and molecular profiling in myeloproliferative neoplasms. Blood . Apr 20 2023;141(16):1909-1921. doi:10.1182/blood.202201757810. Agha A, Bateman H, Sterrett A, Valeriano-Marcet J. Myelodysplasia and malignancy-associated vasculitis. Curr Rheumatol Rep . Dec 2012;14(6):526-31. doi:10.1007/s11926-012-0281-311. Komura A, Meguri Y, Matsubara C, et al. [Myelodysplastic syndrome with der (1;7)(q10;p10) complicated with eosinophilia and organizing pneumonia]. Rinsho Ketsueki . 2023;64(7):619-625. doi:10.11406/rinketsu.64.61912. Kurosawa S, Shimomura Y, Tachibana T, et al. Outcome of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Patients with Myelodysplastic/Myeloproliferative Neoplasms-Unclassifiable: A Retrospective Nationwide Study of the Japan Society for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant . Sep 2020;26(9):1607-1611. doi:10.1016/j.bbmt.2020.05.01313. Perner F, Perner C, Ernst T, Heidel FH. Roles of JAK2 in aging, inflammation, hematopoiesis and malignant Transformation. Cells . Aug 8 2019;8(8)doi:10.3390/cells808085414. Gupta N, Edelmann B, Schnoeder TM, et al. JAK2-V617F activates β1-integrin-mediated adhesion of granulocytes to vascular cell adhesion molecule 1. Leukemia . May 2017;31(5):1223-1226. doi:10.1038/leu.2017.2615. Edelmann B, Gupta N, Schnoeder TM, et al. JAK2-V617F promotes venous thrombosis through β1/β2 integrin activation. J Clin Invest . Oct 1 2018;128(10):4359-4371. doi:10.1172/jci9031216. Guy A, Gourdou-Latyszenok V, Le Lay N, et al. Vascular endothelial cell expression of JAK2(V617F) is sufficient to promote a pro-thrombotic state due to increased P-selectin expression. Haematologica . Jan 2019;104(1):70-81. doi:10.3324/haematol.2018.19532117. Misaka T, Kimishima Y, Yokokawa T, Ikeda K, Takeishi Y. Clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular diseases: role of JAK2V617F. J Cardiol . Jan 2023;81(1):3-9. doi:10.1016/j.jjcc.2022.02.00118. Yokokawa T, Misaka T, Kimishima Y, et al. Clonal hematopoiesis and JAK2V617F mutations in patients with cardiovascular disease. JACC CardioOncol . Mar 2021;3(1):134-136. doi:10.1016/j.jaccao.2021.01.00119. Hoshino Y, Manaka K, Sato J, et al. Recurrent bilateral adrenal infarction with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm-unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U): a case report. BMC Endocr Disord . Jun 5 2023;23(1):128. doi:10.1186/s12902-023-01384-520. Lockett HA, Hamilton-Wood C, Vaidya B. Addison’s disease due to bilateral adrenal infarction in a patient with myelodysplastic Syndrome.Eur J GEN Med . 2011;8:72-74.21. Nathan DI, Feld J, El Jamal SM, Mascarenhas J, Tremblay D. Myelodysplastic syndrome/myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis: Ringing in a new future. Leuk Res . Apr 2022;115:106820. doi:10.1016/j.leukres.2022.10682022. Hirata R, Tago M, Yamashita S, et al. Acute abdominal pain due to atypical bilateral adrenal infarction in acute myeloid leukemia with alterations related to myelodysplasia: A case report. Clin Case Rep . Oct 2023;11(10):e7925. doi:10.1002/ccr3.792523. Tefferi A, Barbui T. Polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia: 2021 update on diagnosis, risk-stratification and management. Am J Hematol . Dec 2020;95(12):1599-1613. doi:10.1002/ajh.2600824. Michiels JJ, Berneman Z, Schroyens W, Krestin GP. Bilateral adrenal swelling as a cause of chest, back, and upper abdominal pain in essential thrombocythemia and polycythemia vera is due to microvascular ischemic thrombosis rather than to hemorrhage. Ann Hematol . Dec 2002;81(12):691-4. doi:10.1007/s00277-002-0500-525. Awada H, Voso MT, Guglielmelli P, Gurnari C. Essential thrombocythemia and acquired von Willebrand syndrome: The shadowlands between thrombosis and bleeding. Cancers (Basel) . Jun 30 2020;12(7)doi:10.3390/cancers1207174626. Al-Kali A, Abou Hussein AK, Patnaik M, et al. Hypomethylating agents (HMAs) effect on myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm unclassifiable (MDS/MPN-U): single institution experience. Leuk Lymphoma . Nov 2018;59(11):2737-2739. doi:10.1080/10428194.2018.143670527. Wang Q, Dai HP, Liu DD, et al. Efficacy of ruxolitinib in a patient with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm unclassifiable and co-mutated JAK2, SF3B1 and TP53. Leuk Res Rep . 2020;14:100229. doi:10.1016/j.lrr.2020.100229Figure legendsFigure 1. Contrast-enhanced CT showing development (A) and improvement of (B) left adrenal infarction. Contrast-enhanced CT showing development (C) and improvement (D) of right adrenal infarction.A) The arrow shows left adrenal hypertrophy and non-contrast-enhanced areas, and arrowheads show increased lipid concentrations and fluid retention around the left adrenal gland. The patient was diagnosed with left adrenal infarction. B) The left adrenal infarction improved. C) The arrow indicates mild hypertrophy of the right adrenal gland. He was diagnosed with a right adrenal infarction. D) The right adrenal infarction improved.Figure 2. Clinical course of adrenal infarction withJAK2 V617F-positive MDS/MPN-U with der(1;7)(p10;q10).Plt, platelet; Eo, eosinophil; vWF:Rco, von Willebrand Factor ristocetin cofactor activity;U, unit; Lt, left; Rt, right; AI, adrenal infarction; CVT, cerebral venous thrombosis; AMT, aortic mural thrombosis. BMA, bone marrow aspiration; BMB, bone marrow biopsy

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Duodenal diverticula perforation due to an impacted bezoar is a rare disease. Surgical treatment is associated with high rates of complications and mortality; therefore, treatment strategies must be carefully decided. Endoscopic treatment offers significant benefits to patients over surgery.

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, a rare disease with a very poor prognosis, is seldom treated surgically, especially for recurrence. However, early diagnosis and aggressive treatment of primary and recurrent tumors, particularly the localized type of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma, can achieve long-term patient survival.

We report two cases of anterior displacement of the grafted bone after posterior lumbar interbody fusion. The patients did not require additional surgery. Anterior migration of grafted bone or cage can cause damage to anterior organs and blood vessels, so a careful surgical procedure is necessary.

Patients presenting with Class III malocclusion often present significant challenges for the orthodontist and restorative clinician. The characteristic anterior crossbite is commonly associated with a maxillo-mandibular skeletal base discrepancy leading to both functional and esthetic issues. Three potential incisal tooth positions are discussed using clinical examples including implants.

A man diagnosed as TAFRO syndrome was successfully responded to a novel immunosuppressive regimen containing methylprednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil. Blood cells firstly recovered, followed by the general situation and complete recover 1 month later, highlighting the danger of TAFRO syndrome and the importance of immunosuppressive agents in reversing pathological course

The management of an unusual nasal foreign body is illustrated. A 34-year-old male presented to our outpatient clinic after inhalation of liquid cast during preparation of a plaster mask. The foreign body had solidified within the nasal cavities, causing obstruction and headache. Ambulatory removal was incomplete, therefore ESS was indicated.

Intracerebral hemorrhage should be considered as a possible adverse event in patients with anaphylactic shock who are treated with adrenaline administration, especially those on dialysis.

This case report describes a peculiar and innovative fixing procedure in the unusual case of magnet dislodgement and rupture of the cochlear implant (CI) silicone sheath holding the magnet. The poly-D,L-lactic acid (PDLLA) mesh provided excellent results in terms of stability, protection, preserved signal transmission and patient comfort. Its