Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC), a subtype of breast cancer, is challenging to detect early due to its diffuse spread, and metastasis often occurs before diagnosis. While ILC commonly metastasizes to the bone and gastrointestinal (GI) tract, gastric involvement, particularly causing gastric outlet obstruction (GOO), is rare. We present a 63-year-old Southeast Asian woman with a history of left breast ILC, who developed GOO. Diagnostic evaluations, including endoscopy and PET CT, revealed a large invasive mass in the gastric antrum, confirmed as metastatic breast cancer. A stent was placed to relieve the obstruction, and the patient started chemotherapy. This case highlights the unusual presentation of ILC metastasizing to the stomach, forming a fungating mass, which deviates from the typical linitis plastica pattern. It underscores the importance of recognizing atypical metastatic behaviors in ILC and the need for further research to improve diagnostic approaches in such rare cases.

Background: Refractory/Relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (R/R-AML) typically exhibits resistance to conventional chemotherapy, resulting in a poor overall therapeutic outcome, salvage allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is the primary treatment option in such patients. However, post-transplant relapse is still a challenge, with no established effective regimens. Case: In this case report, we present the case of a 40-year-old male diagnosed with R/R-AML who underwent salvage allo-HSCT. Unfortunately, after 4 months of follow-up, a relapse occurred. we modified the immunosuppressive therapy and administered donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) and decitabine but failed to obtain complete remission (CR). Subsequently, a combination of venetoclax (Ven) and azacitidine (Aza), followed by the DLI regimen, was initiated. The patient achieved CR with no measurable residual disease. Conclusion: Our data suggests that the administration of Ven in combination with Aza followed by the DLI regimen used for early post-HSCT relapsed AML could serve as a valuable reference for treating similar patients.

Background: While the global childhood leukemia burden has declined since 1990, it remains the leading cause of childhood cancer mortality. Disparities in outcomes are stark, with high-income countries achieving significantly higher survival rates compared to resource-limited settings. This underscores the critical role of healthcare quality. Methods: We analyzed data on childhood leukemia (aged 0-14) from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease project (1990-2021), including incidence, mortality, prevalence, and other health metrics. To assess the Quality of Care Index (QCI), we implemented a four-step process involving data acquisition and cleaning, optional data reduction, calculation of secondary measures and application of Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and finally data visualization. PCA identified a single component as the QCI, with higher scores indicating better quality of care. Results: Childhood leukemia incidence, mortality, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) declined globally, but regional disparities persist. High-middle Sociodemographic Index (SDI) countries have the highest incidence, while low SDI settings have the highest mortality and DALY rates. Global QCI average is 67.8, with variation between regions and SDI levels. High SDI countries have the highest QCI, while low SDI settings have the lowest. QCI decreases with age, and gender distribution is relatively equal globally, except in low and low-middle SDI settings. Conclusion: Despite global progress in reducing childhood leukemia, significant healthcare disparities persist. Future efforts must prioritize addressing these inequities, ensuring equitable access to quality care, and eliminating disparities based on SDI, age, and gender.

DNA cytosine deaminase APOBEC3B (A3B) is one of the endogenous sources of somatic mutations in many types of human cancers and is associated with tumor progression rather than tumorigenesis. However, it remains uncertain whether APOBEC3B-induced mutations accelerate tumor progression or not. In this paper, we established a mouse model with A3B overexpression and investigated whether the introduction of A3B overexpression accelerates tumor development in Tp53 hemizygous mice. A3B expression was validated by qPCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemistry in mouse tissues, and in vitro CDA assays revealed that A3B has its CDA activity in mouse tissues. However, we did not observe any difference in tumor development between the mice with or without A3B expression. A3B expression and its CDA activity were confirmed in tumor tissues of mice overexpressing A3B. Therefore, we concluded that the introduction of A3B overexpression did not accelerate tumor development in Tp53 hemizygous mice. Our mouse model with A3B overexpression is well-validated and useful for further research.

Objective: To examine the impact of viral infection and carcinogens on the head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) and assess whether the immune signature offers valuable clinical insights for immunotherapy. Methods: By integrating the scRNA-seq data of tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs) from both HPV-negative (HPV -) and HPV-positive (HPV +) HNSCC patients from TCGA cohort, a comprehensive map of TIME in HNSCC was created. Results and Conclusions: TILs exhibited distinct cellular composition and gene expression between HPV - and HPV + HNSCC. The remodeling of myeloid cells indicated that activated dendritic cells possess migratory potential in HNSCC. C1QC + tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) displayed an M2 signature in HPV - HNSCC, which may result from the regulation of NR1H3. Further analysis of T cells demonstrated that increased T follicular helper (Tfh) infiltration predicted improved survival in HPV + HNSCC. These data point to an activation-dependent exhaustion expression program, particularly for TIGIT in GZMK + exhausted T cells in HPV - HNSCC. And more robust CCL signaling in HPV + HNSCC provides insights into the molecular basis for precision medicine.

Because the existing research data cannot fully prove the advantages of single-site Da Vinci robotic surgery (RSS) compared with single-site laparoscopic surgery (LESS) in the treatment of gynecological diseases.We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and cost of RSS and LESS in the treatment of gynecological diseases.To provide theoretical basis for whether RSS can replace LESS in the treatment of gynecological diseases.A systematic search of three electronic databases for articles published up to December 31st,2023 was performed by computer.After literature screening,data extraction and quality evaluation according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, meta-analysis was performed using RevMan 5.1 software.A total of 16 articles were included, including 14 articles on effectiveness, and 2 articles on cost.Among them,5 studies scored 9 points for quality evaluation,3 studies scored 8 points, and 8 studies scored 7 points.Compared with LESS, RSS was associated with a shorter total operative time for malignant tumor surgery[107 patients MD-24.01 min, 95% CI-32.40 to -15.62,p <0.00001],a less estimated blood loss[107 patients MD-53.60 ml, 95% CI-105.50 to -1.69,p =0.04],and there was no significant differences in postoperative hospital days and postoperative complications between the two groups. However,Subgroup analysis of TOT separately was carried out according to the time of study publication and different single point port and robotic surgical system. After 2020 and for using commercial single point ports other than the Da Vinci dedicated single point port, or using the fourth-generation Da Vinci SP surgical system, while neither total operative time was no significant difference between the two groups[1259 patients MD 16.91 min, 95% CI -9.38 to 43.19,p = 0.21][354 patients MD 34.13 min, 95% CI -16.75 to 85.01,p = 0.19 and 645 patients MD 13.79 min, 95% CI -26.85 to 54.43,p = 0.51,respectively].Therefore,the present meta-analysis supports that comparing with LESS,in gynecological malignant tumor surgery,RSS takes shorter total operation time,less estimated blood loss,and similar efficacy in postoperative hospital days and postoperative complications. Therefore,if the cost of RSS can be reduced,RSS is a feasible surgical method for patients undergoing gynecological malignant tumor surgery.With the fourth generation Da Vinci SP surgical system,the era of single-site robotic surgery may be ushered in after 2020.

Objective: Thyroid Autoantibodies (TgAbs) are associated with autoimmune thyroid disorders and are also used in thyroid cancer follow-up to monitor for recurrence of disease. This study aimed to explore the potential utility of TgAbs as a surrogated tumor marker and examine the relationship between fluctuations in TgAbs levels and disease recurrence in patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (DTC). Method: This cohort study was conducted on a sample of 97 patients who underwent thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) between the years 2017 and 2021. Following surgery (with or without lymph node dissection), levothyroxine therapy and 131 iodine were prescribed (as necessary). Regular laboratory evaluations were conducted, which involved measuring Tg and TgAb at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Patients were classified based on recurrence rate and different levels of TgAb and ROC analysis was applied. All data were analyzed with SPSS24, and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: For low-risk patients, TgAb trends over time showed an increase at 6 months, while for high-risk patients, TgAb levels continuously rose starting from 3 months. Although TgAb levels above the functional sensitivity threshold did not predict recurrence overall, changes in TgAb levels at 6 months compared to 3 months after surgery were indicative of recurrence. Conclusion: In the entire population, having TgAb levels higher than the functional sensitivity threshold had not risk of various relapses. However, changes in TgAb serum levels at 6 months after surgery, compared to 3 months after surgery, can serve as an indication of tumor recurrence.

Introduction: Prostate cancer (PC), which is a disease driven by the activity of the androgen receptor (AR), is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and despite advances in diagnostic and treatment strategies, PC is the second most common cause of cancer mortality in men [(Bray et al., 2018)](#ref-0012). Taxane-based chemotherapy is the only chemotherapy that prolongs survival in metastatic PC patients [(Petrylak et al., 2004; Tannock et al., 2004)](#ref-0097). At the cellular level, taxanes bind to and stabilize microtubules (MTs) inhibiting all MT-dependent intracellular pathways. MTs are highly dynamic polymers that stochastically switch between phases of growth, shrinkage, and pause [(Jordan and Wilson, 2004)](#ref-0058). Altered MT dynamics endow cancer cells with both survival and migratory advantages [(Mitchison, 2012)](#ref-0090). Taxanes inhibit MT dynamics and alter the spatial organization of the MT network, thereby inhibiting intracellular trafficking of molecular cargo critical for tumor survival. In PC specifically, taxanes inhibit transcriptional activity downstream of MT stabilization [(Thadani-Mulero et al., 2012)](#ref-0112) and AR nuclear accumulation [(Darshan et al., 2011; Zhu et al., 2010)](#ref-0021). Methods: Different tubulin inhibitors, even from within the same structural class as the taxanes, affect distinct parameters of MT dynamics [(Jordan and Wilson, 2004)](#ref-0058), yet the selection of taxane for chemotherapy is not based on the particular patterns of dynamic behavior of the MT cytoskeleton in individual patients. We envisage that systematic characterization using quantitative analysis of MT dynamics in PC patient cells expressing clinically relevant protein isoforms [(Matov et al., 2024; Thoma et al., 2010)](#ref-0082), before and after treatment with each of the taxanes, will allow us to identify criteria for the selection of the most suitable drug combination at the onset of treatment. Results: We link MT dynamics in the presence of AR variants and sensitivity/resistance to taxanes and connect fundamental research with clinically relevant concepts to elucidate cellular mechanisms of clinical response to taxanes and, thus, advance the customization of therapy. Our computational live-cell analysis addresses questions in the context of the inherent differences in MT homeostasis as a function of AR content in PC cells, the specific parameters of MT dynamics each of the taxanes affects, and how can this information be used to match endogenous patterns of MT dynamics with drug-modulated MT behavior. Conclusion: We investigate whether the sensitivity to taxanes, evaluated by computational analysis of MTs, can be linked to gene expression correlated with AR and its variants, and whether the resistance to taxanes can be linked to the presence of a specific AR splice variant, and can we identify which of the taxanes will be most effective based on the endogenous patterns of MT dynamics.

Background:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a malignancy with distinct geographical distribution and varying prognostic factors. Understanding the impact of various clinical and demographic factors on survival outcomes is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from 6,560 NPC patients obtained from the SEER database. Patients were categorized based on the AJCC 6th edition staging, race, age, marital status, histologic type, tumor size, and treatment modalities. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify significant prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and cause-specific survival (CSS). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank tests were utilized to compare survival differences among subgroups. Results:The study revealed significant differences in survival outcomes based on the AJCC 6th edition metastasis classification. Patients with M0 status had substantially higher OS and CSS compared to those with M1 status (p < 0.0001). Age was a significant prognostic factor, with patients aged 60 years and above having a significantly higher mortality risk (HR=5.19, 95% CI=3.93-6.86, p < 0.001) compared to those aged 0-29 years. Marital status also influenced survival, with married patients showing better survival rates than single patients (HR=0.67, 95% CI=0.57-0.78, p < 0.001). Histologic type and tumor size were critical factors, with non-keratinizing SCC having a better prognosis. Radiation therapy was associated with improved survival (HR=0.27, 95% CI=0.16-0.45, p < 0.001), while the absence of chemotherapy increased mortality risk (HR=1.66, 95% CI=1.37-2.01, p < 0.001). Conclusions:The findings highlight the significant impact of metastasis status, age, marital status, histologic type, tumor size, and treatment modalities on survival outcomes in NPC patients. These factors should be considered when devising personalized treatment plans to improve survival rates.

Background Necroptosis could be a trigger and amplifier of anti-tumor immunity in cancer therapy. LncRNAs are vital in controlling immune system gene expression. We designed to establish a NRlncRNA signature for evaluation and prognosis prediction in HNSCC, ultimately providing a new perspective for clinical application. Materials and methods We acquired RNA-seq and clinical data for HNSCC and 67 NRGs. Subsequently, diverse analytical methods were utilized to discern predictive NRlncRNAs, calculate the risk score, and construct a meticulous risk evaluation model. Furthermore, the predictive capability of the risk model was confirmed through survival analysis, ROC curves, PCA, DCA, C-index, and nomograms. We endeavored to discern disparities among distinct cohorts concerning clinical characteristics, the infiltration of immune cells, the sensitivity to pharmaceutical agents, as well as molecules associated with immune response. Results A risk signature for 12 NRlncRNAs was developed, and the signature had high sensitivity and specificity in predicting survival rates. The established model exhibited a strong association with both survival outcomes and clinical features. Notably, the low-risk group demonstrated a substantially elevated survival probability and displayed a significant positive correlation with diverse immune cell infiltrations. Lastly, we selected different clinical drug regimens based on the different risk groups. Conclusion A prognostic model of NRlncRNAs has been developed for HNSCC that enables the estimation of the TME and the response to cancer immunotherapy. The model also has the potential to predict the prognosis, which may pave the way for novel clinical applications.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), associate with reduced breast cancer (BCa) mortality. COX-2 overexpression is tied to worse BCa prognosis, but COX-2 inhibitors (coxibs) have not been shown to have survival advantage. However, the evidence is conflicting and limited. We examined the association between BCa mortality and NSAID use in a Finnish population-based cohort. The study cohort, 73,170 females diagnosed with BCa during 1995-2013 was identified from The Finnish Cancer Registry. NSAID purchases during 1995-2015, the time and causes of death, mammographic screening participation and tumor hormone receptor status were obtained from national registries. Separate exposure variables were created for purchases of all NSAIDs combined, ASA and coxibs . Multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression was used to compare BCa-specific and overall survival by the use of NSAIDs, ASA and coxibs compared to non-users. Pre-diagnostic use of any NSAIDs (HR 0.78, 95% CI 0.75-0.81) and coxibs (HR 0.76, 95% CI 0.71-0.81), but not ASA were associated with lowered BCa mortality. Conversely post-diagnostic use of any NSAIDs was associated with increased BCa mortality (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.22-1.33), while ASA use (HR 0.84, 95% CI 0.73-0.97) showed dose-dependent risk reduction. Post-diagnostic use of ASA associated with reduced BCa-specific mortality, distinguishing ASA from other NSAIDs. Clinical trials should be performed to confirm this association and to determine ideal post-diagnostic ASA dose, frequency, and duration for improving BCa-specific survival. The significance of pre-diagnostic NSAID use as a prognostic factor in BCa warrants further investigation.

Objective: To systematically analyze whether COVID-19 vaccination increases the risk of lymphoma. Methods: Data were retrieved from five databases, including PubMed, BMJ, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and CDC (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention). Comprehensive searches of relevant articles in the databases were conducted to enhance search accuracy. Articles and references were further screened to improve retrieval precision. Data extraction and analysis were subsequently performed. Results: A total of 143 cases of post-COVID-19 vaccination lymphoma were identified, including 11 cases from 9 articles and 132 cases of vaccine adverse events. Systemic analysis revealed that among the cases, 53.8% were female, with a median age of onset at 62 years (range: 9-99 years). The most commonly implicated COVID-19 vaccines were mRNA vaccines, with Pfizer-BioNTech accounting for 51.7% and Moderna for 42.7%. Adenovirus vector vaccines, including ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (0.7%) and vAd26.COV2.S (4.2%), were the next most prevalent. Approximately 45.7% of patients developed lymphoma within 30 days of vaccine administration. Non-Hodgkin lymphoma constituted the majority of pathological types (71.3%). Conclusion: The administration of the COVID-19 vaccine may potentially elevate the associated risk of lymphoma incidence.

javascript:void(0) Background and Objectives: Dermatofibromas (DF) are common benign skin lesions with unclear etiology, possibly reactive or tumoral. This study aims to evaluate the incidence of DF misdiagnosis and correlate histopathological findings with clinical interpretations. Methods: The extraction for this retrospective study was conducted from 8035 excisions performed between 2016 and 2022 by 9 physicians. A total of 50 cases with conclusive histopathological diagnoses of DF and 33 clinical cases of DF were identified. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The clinical arm included 33 cases, with 7 having DF in the differential diagnosis. The mean age for a confident DF diagnosis was 57.86 years, compared to 44.35 years for a probable diagnosis (p=0.023). Diagnosis accuracy was 69% for certain cases vs 43% for probable cases. DF on legs had higher clinical uncertainty, 6/7 vs 9/26 (p=0.016). In the histopathological arm of 50 patients, lesions on lower extremities had higher correct diagnosis rates (p=0.024) and were least accurate on the torso (p=0.009). Conclusions: DF can pose a challenge even for experienced clinicians. Location is crucial as DF may escape diagnosis in less common areas. Patient’s age and physician’s expertise induce uncertainty.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Background: Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC) is an extrahepatic adenocarcinoma characterized by hepatoid differentiation, often associated with elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels. The stomach is the most common site of HAC, and this is specifically identified by the term hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the stomach (HAS). Case: We present a case of a 71-year-old patient who was immunohistologically diagnosed with HAS along with both liver metastasis and pancreatic metastasis. Sindilizumab+ albumin paclitaxel+ 5-fluorouracil+ calcium folinate/ cyclophosphamide was started after the disagreement of surgical treatment. After 6 months treatment, both primary and metastatic lesions visibly shrank and imaging examinations did not reveal the presence of local recurrence or other distant metastasis. Conclusion: More research is still needed for HAS, especially for special cases with multiple metastases simultaneously.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Background: Globally, infections account for 10% of new cancer cases, and cancer can compromise the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. With advances in cancer treatment, widespread use of immunotherapy, and prolonged survival of cancer patients, the coexistence of tuberculosis (TB) and cancer is becoming increasingly common in clinical settings. Aim: This review aims to explore the interaction between tuberculosis (TB) and tumors, particularly lung cancer (LC), and to identify appropriate clinical management approaches. Results: LC patients with a history of TB have higher adjusted risk ratios for both all-cause and cancer-specific three-year mortality compared to those without a history of TB. TB may elevate the risk of developing tumors through mechanisms such as chronic inflammation, altered immune responses, and DNA damage. Conversely, cancer patients, whether due to the disease itself or immune dysfunction caused by anti-tumor treatments, may be more susceptible to TB. The coexistence of TB and tumors presents significant challenges in clinical management, making the development of treatment strategies and quality-of-life improvements crucial. Conclusion: There is a close relationship between TB and cancer, with TB potentially serving as a risk factor for cancer, and cancer influencing susceptibility to TB. Effective clinical management is essential to enhance treatment strategies and improve the quality of life for patients with both TB and cancer.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical efficacy of the combination therapy of sorafenib and DOAP (doxorubicin, vincristine, cytarabine, and prednisone) in the treatment of a case of Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) negative for BRAF V600E mutation. Furthermore, we aim to retrospectively analyze the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of LCS. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the clinical data, pathological examination, and treatment of a patient with LCS, along with a review of relevant literature both domestic and international. Results: After four cycles of sorafenib combined with DOAP chemotherapy, the patient underwent sequential local radiotherapy, resulting in complete remission of the disease. The treatment-related side effects were manageable, and the patient tolerated the treatment well. The patient has survived for 40 months. Conclusion: LCS is a highly rare and aggressive malignancy that can involve various organs throughout the body. It presents with complex and diverse clinical manifestations, progresses rapidly, and has a poor prognosis. Treatment options include surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. However, there is currently no universally recognized optimal treatment protocol, and personalized treatment is necessary. Targeted therapy offers new hope for LCS patients.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of acetylcholine signaling pathways on tumor progression, focusing on the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in breast, prostate, and lung cancer cell lines. Methods: We examined the production and release of acetylcholine in the central nervous system and its potential effects on tumors in the peripheral environment. Utilizing breast, prostate, and lung cancer cell lines, we explored the signaling pathways associated with the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Results: Our study revealed insights into the modulation of specific tumor profiling signaling pathways through the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. We observed notable implications for patient well-being and mortality rates based on the manipulation of these pathways. Conclusion: The findings from this investigation provide valuable information on the intricate relationship between acetylcholine signaling and tumor progression. By elucidating these pathways, there is potential for targeted interventions to enhance patient outcomes and mitigate mortality rates in breast, prostate, and lung cancer cases.

not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Background: The investigation of cuproptosis in relation to tumor development has been limited, particularly in Multiple myeloma (MM), indicating the need for further research. Our study aimed to examine the impact of cuproptosis-related genes on the prognosis of MM. Methods: Using the datasets, we filtered cuproptosis score-related differentially expressed genes (CRDEGs) by overlapping the DEGs between the MM and normal groups and between the high and low cuproptosis score groups. Additionally, key module genes were identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis. A univariate Cox algorithm and multivariate Cox analysis were employed to obtain biomarkers of MM and build a prognostic model, before conducting independent prognostic analysis. Results: A total of 59 CRDEGs were filtered. Demonstrating their involvement in the COPII vesicle coat and endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. Six prognosis-related biomarkers (PARP1, EDEM3, SEC23A, RSL24D1, TTC37, and SRP72) were obtained, and a prognostic model was developed. The performance of the model was verified using a test cohort (GSE136324 dataset) and a validation cohort (GSE24080 dataset). Risk score, age, albumin, International Staging System (ISS) score, and β2-microglobulin (B2M) was found to be a significant predictor of prognosis independently . Conclusion: As a result of this investigation, a set of six biomarkers associated with cuproptosis (PARP1, EDEM3, SEC23A, RSL24D1, TTC37 and SRP72) were screened to provide a basis for predicting the prognosis of MM.