Background: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, a particularly lethal cancer, with the majority of cases dead inside the first year. Mortality statistics have barely changed in over fifty years. Case history: This case history recounts the atypical presentation of a rare pancreatic adenocarcinoma as an aggressive pancreatic pseudocyst, that required multiple drainage/ablative surgeries, mostly in a short time span of 3 months, and recurring. Biopsy revealed its true nature as a rare mucinous adenocarcinoma, by then stage 4 with peritoneal metastases, therefore deemed inoperable, the worst prognosis. Palliative FOLFOX chemotherapy followed by SABR radiotherapy were proposed, with the PARP inhibitor, Olaparib planned as maintenance treatment. These therapies were not expected to radically change the prognostic outlook. However, on compassionate grounds, some experimental therapies, were combined, intended to synergise with the palliative protocols. These therapies included daily high dose methylcobalamin injections, twice weekly, intravenous high dose, vitamin C, liposomal alpha lipoic acid, a ketogenic diet, anti-cachectic medium chain triglyceride oil, high dose vitamin D and a functional food containing colostrum, naturally high in the activated vitamin D binding protein, as well as in lactoferrin, haptocorrin and other immune modulating components. In addition, a quartet of off label drugs, which early research shows have some anti-cancer actions, were prescribed: doxycycline, metformin, atorvastatin and the antiprotozoan drug, mebendazole. Outcome: The patient responded well to these protocols, and was on the road to recovery within 6 months, and in complete remission for almost two years now. The rationale for such therapies is reviewed and analysed, and weighting is assessed for the individual therapies. We propose that such an integrative combination of standard/non standard, research based therapies may provide a blueprint for survival in pancreatic cancer that deserves formal clinical trials. &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a significant health concern in the world. The existing standard of care guidelines for CRC surveillance falls short of effectively and timely detecting recurrence or metastasis. In recent years, circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) has emerged as a promising material for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection. In this paper, we provide an exhaustive review of the methods utilized for MRD detection via ctDNA, present evidence supporting the potential of ctDNA MRD as a valuable biomarker in clinical applications, and engage in a discussion regarding ongoing ctDNA MRD based clinical trials in CRC. Lastly, we offer insights into future prospects of ctDNA-based MRD methodological advancements and clinical research. It’s foreseeable that more sensitive, flexible, and economic MRD detection methods will emerge with the deeper research on cfDNA genomics, fragmentomics, methylomes, and nucleosome imprinting. At the same time, MRD-guided intervention study will evolve for revolutionizing the treatment paradigm of CRC.

Abstract Background: The incidence of small intestine neuroendocrine neoplasms (SI-NEN) has increased significantly, posing challenges in early diagnosis and effective management due to non-specific symptoms and complex tumor biology, especially in predicting distant metastasis (DM). Methods: This retrospective study analyzed 3,157 patients diagnosed with SI-NEN from 2005 to 2015 using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. We employed multifactorial logistic regression to identify independent risk factors for DM and developed several machine learning models to predict its occurrence. These included a suite of nine key models: XGBoost, Logistic Regression, LightGBM, Random Forest, Complement Naive Bayes, Multi-Layer Perceptron Classifier, Decision Tree, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree, and Support Vector Machine, all validated through k-fold cross-validation and hyperparameter optimization. Furthermore, we extended our analysis to survival studies to identify prognostic factors that may significantly influence patient outcomes. Results: Logistic regression demonstrated the highest efficacy, achieving an AUC of 0.774 in the training set and 0.747 in the validation set, values which are considered high, indicating superior performance in detecting early DM. Additionally, a machine learning-enhanced clinical nomogram was constructed, incorporating individual patient characteristics for personalized treatment planning. Survival analysis identified key prognostic indicators, and the resulting prognostic nomogram displayed high predictive accuracy, validated through calibration curves and decision curve analysis. Conclusion: The study underscores the utility of advanced predictive models in enhancing the diagnostic and prognostic assessment of SI-NEN, suggesting a framework for future clinical application and continuous improvement of these models. The developed predictive and prognostic nomograms provide crucial tools for clinical decision-making, potentially improving overall survival and quality of life by facilitating personalized treatment strategies based on detailed risk profiles. Keywords: SI-NEN, distant metastasis, machine learning, logistic regression, prognostic nomogram, survival analysis, SEER database.

Introduction: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant neoplasm in children. Although the prognosis is good, complications caused by chemotherapy are still a large challenge for clinicians. Among them, pancreatitis is one of the most serious complications after the application of asparaginase, which is an important part of treatment. The occurrence of pancreatitis may affect chemotherapy tolerance and prognosis of ALL. We intend to establish a predictive model for the risk of pancreatitis in children with ALL during chemotherapy based on clinical data. Method: Collect clinical data of ALL patients under CCLG-ALL, screen variables that may be related to the occurrence of pancreatitis through lasso regression, divide the total patient into a training set and a validation set in a ratio of 8:2, build a prediction model in the training set, and evaluate prediction ability through area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and calibration curve. External validation is done in the validation set. Results: A total of 321 patients with ALL were included in this study, including 58 patients with pancreatitis and 263 patients in the control group. Risk factors related to pancreatitis were elevated total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and induction chemotherapy. C statistic and AUC obtained in the training set of this model was 0.862 and 0.86, and the AUC of this model in the validation set was 0.95. Conclusion: This study constructs a risk prediction model for pancreatitis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving chemotherapy, and the results suggest that the prediction ability is good. A nomogram based on this model was developed. Among the risk factors, increased total bilirubin and direct bilirubin may indicate that pancreatitis may be related to biliary obstruction, and induction chemotherapy may indicate that children may have predisposing factors for pancreatitis. Further research may be needed in these two aspects in the future.

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the prognostic correlation between tumor budding and stage I-II cervical cancer, with the goal of providing guidance for postoperative diagnosis and treatment strategies for patients.Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across 12 databases including Pubmed, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, OVID, Web of Science, EBSCohost, CNKI, Wan-Fang, VIP, Dui-Xiu and CBM to identify relevant literature on the association between tumor budding and prognosis or clinicopathological features of cervical cancer.The quality of included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager.Results: Our findings demonstrate that high-grade tumor budding in stage I-II cervical cancer is associated with significantly poorer overall survival (P<0.0001) and disease-free survival (P<0.0001). Subgroup analyses revealed that irrespective of sample size and histological type, the overall survival in the high-grade tumor budding group is markedly lower than that in the low-grade tumor budding group; similarly regardless of stage inclusion criteria, budding type, field boundary value or sample size,the disease-free survival in the high-grade tumor budding group is significantly lower than that in the low-grade tumor budding group.Furthermore,high grade tumor budding is correlated with several adverse pathological features.Conclusion: In light of these results,it can be concluded that tumor budding serves as an unfavorable prognostic factor for stage I-II cervical cancer,and may inform I-II stage postoperative treatment planning for such patients.

Objective: The aim of this study is to comprehensively investigate the clinical manifestations, pathological diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and prognostic implications in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) manifesting as bone marrow invasion accompanied by peripheral blood counts. Method: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 16 patients diagnosed with DLBCL involving bone marrow and exhibiting peripheral blood abnormalities. Detailed clinical data, laboratory investigations, bone marrow biopsy hematoxylin and eosin (HE) sections, and immunohistochemical stains were compiled and analyzed. Results: Among the patients, B symptoms (11/16, 68.75%) and fatigue (9/16, 56.25%) were the most common symptoms. The diagnostic accuracy of bone marrow biopsy was 100%(16/16). The distribution pattern of abnormal cells in bone marrow biopsies was diffuse in 37.5%(6/16), interstitial in 31.25%(5/16), mixed in 18.75%(3/16), and nodular in 12.5%(2/16) of cases. The tumors originated from the germinal center in 12.5% (2/16) of cases and from non-germinal center sources in 87.5%(14/16). Fibrosis grades were distributed as follows: grade 0 in 1 case (1/16), grade 1 in 7 cases (7/16), and grade 2 in 8 cases (8/16).All 16 patients exhibited invasive disease progression, 3 fatalities ocuuring due to lack of treatment.1 patient unfortunately passed away six months after commencing R-CHOP and R-DHAP chemotherapy. Conclusion: This study offers a comprehensive insight into the clinical and pathological features of DLBCL infiltrating bone marrow with peripheral blood reduction, highlighting the importance of accurate diagnostic techniques and timely intervention in these patients.

Background: Supposed ‘spontaneous’ remissions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia/CLL are extremely rare. By the most stringent immunophenotypic criteria, there are only seven cases to date of unexplained, immune system effected cures. A historic review of this phenomenon is presented as context for this eighth case of CLL immunophenotypic reversal. Case history: A 59-year-old, molecular biologist, stage I CLL, whose diagnosis and recovery were both thoroughly documented, not content to watch and wait, chose to treat himself, after individual tumour susceptibility testing, with evidence based, biological response modifiers, which initially seemed to keep his CLL stable. This included 1mg of hydroxocobalamin injected i.m. daily. However, after some years his lymphocytosis began slowly to drift upwards. At that point, he was persuaded to change his injection protocol to methylcobalamin, at 50 mg i.m. a day, a dose whose clinical safety is sufficiently well established, and a form of cobalamin that the research literature shows has anticancer actions. Outcome: This change in cobalamin form and dose proved a critical turning point. Complete disappearance of the lymphocytosis also coincided with a severe infection and an even further temporary increase of the parenteral methylcobalamin dose, both catalytic factors. In the 4th & 5th years following this, the patient’s repeated immunophenotyping showed no clonal disease present. A brief review of the field of cobalamin in cancer research and treatment is given, with discussion of the various mechanisms by which cobalamins may impact on cancer/CLL. Historic analysis reveals that cyanocobalamin is generally cancer promotional, whereas hydroxocobalamin, methylcobalamin and adenosylcobalamin are cancer protective and cytotoxic. It is hypothesised that the actions of cobalamin in cancer aetiology and oncogenesis/progression are intertwined with those of nitric oxide, which tumours regulate to dupe the immune system to their presence, by causing a functional cobalamin deficiency in the host.

Background Colorectal carcinoma with isolated metastasis to the scapula is a rare occurrence. The is a paucity of accounts detailing experience with this unique scenario. We present a case of oligometastatic colon adenocarcinoma to the scapula with subsequent scapulectomy, in which the patient had eventual visceral disease recurrence yet still gained a palliative benefit from the procedure. Methods We detail the account of a patient with metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the right scapula and subsequent treatment for the scapular metastasis. Results The patient underwent successful total scapulectomy for metastatic colon adenocarcinoma with negative margins achieved. He had an uneventful postoperative course and discharged home on day three. Upon follow up after total scapulectomy, the patient experienced significant symptom improvement and functional recovery. Conclusion We believe a significant benefit to the patient's overall quality of life was provided by undergoing this procedure. Therefore, this option should remain part of the oncologic surgeon's armamentarium to offer a palliative option to patients with the goal of controlling pain and retaining function.

Purpose：The primary objective of this study was to comprehensively evaluate and compare the therapeutic efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with capecitabine plus cisplatin versus capecitabine plus cisplatin in the management of patients diagnosed with advanced human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive gastric cancer. Aiming to facilitate clinical decision-making and ultimately improving treatment outcomes for this specific patient population. Methods：A comprehensive computerized search was conducted across multiple databases, including Cochrane Library, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wanfang to identify domestic and foreign clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs), investigating the efficacy of trastuzumab in combination with capecitabine plus cisplatin for the treatment of patients with advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer. The search encompassed articles published from the inception of the databases until July 1, 2022. Results：This meta-analysis comprised 12 studies involving a total of 1199 patients diagnosed with advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer. The results revealed that the experimental group exhibited significantly higher rates of total effectiveness and control compared to the control group. Moreover, the experimental group showed a significant increase in median survival time compared to the control group. Additionally, the experimental group exhibited a significantly higher quality of life score and demonstrated improved prognosis in terms of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) levels, with a lower recurrence rate. The experimental group showed a decrease in the stage of gastric cancer based on carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4) levels and (CEA) levels compared to the control group.. Furthermore, the experimental group exhibited a notable enhancement in the therapeutic efficacy of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and a superior prognosis compared to the control group. Conclusion：Trastuzumab in combination with capecitabine plus cisplatin can be a preferred first-line treatment option for advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer, accompanying by a promising therapeutic efficacy.

Introduction While there is a growing volume of evidence suggesting that relatively prevalent functional polymorphisms present within apoptosis-related genes may influence human prostate cancer (PCa) susceptibility, the clinical relevance of these findings remains inconclusive. This meta-analysis was thus developed with the goal of generating more precise estimates of the relationships between polymorphisms in four apoptosis-associated genes (NKX3‑1, Caspase-3, Caspase-9, and BCL‑2) and the risk of PCa. Material and methods The PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, and SinoMed (CNKI and Wanfang) databases were searched for relevant studies published through December 20, 2023 using the following keywords: ‘polymorphism’ or ‘variant’ and ‘carcinoma’ or ‘cancer’ or ‘tumor’ and ‘NKX3-1’, ‘CASP3’ or ‘Caspase-3’, ‘CASP9’ or ‘Caspase-9’, ‘BCL-2’ or ‘B-cell lymphoma’ and ‘prostate cancer’ or ‘PCa’ or ‘prostate adenocarcinoma’. Results This approach led to the identification of 22 case-control studies related to the association between apoptosis-related gene polymorphisms and PCa susceptibility enrolling 9,706 cases and 12,567 controls. Subsequent analyses revealed that the NKX3-1 rs2228013, CASP9 rs1052571, and CASP9 rs4645982 polymorphisms were associated with greater PCa risk, whereas the CASP3 rs4647603 polymorphism was associated with a risk reduction. Conclusions These findings provide strong evidence for the potential contributions of polymorphisms in the apoptosis-related caspase-3, caspase-9, and NKX3-1 genes in the onset and progression of PCa.

Background: Since the COVID-19 pandemic started in 2019, has resulted in various health conditions, including adverse effects on different systems. The female reproductive system (FRS) is known to be one of the organs affected by the virus or the vaccination due to its high expression of the ACE 2 receptor, which is one of the primary receptors of COVID-19 that facilitates its entry into the cells. This review assessed the impact of COVID-19 infection and vaccination on the female reproductive system and their relationship with endometrial, ovarian, cervical, and vulvar cancers. Recent findings: COVID-19 virus may elevate pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α, IL-6, interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), during both the acute and recovery phases of infection. COVID-19 infection can heighten the inflammatory response and cell susceptibility by downregulating the ACE-2 receptor. Additionally, COVID-19 influences the female reproductive system by altering the epithelial-mesenchymal tissue microenvironment and disrupting blood vessels and endothelial cells. However, studies fail to acknowledge the potential impact of vaccination on FRS. Conclusion: Given the pivotal roles of the TMPRSS2 enzyme and ACE2 receptor in the pathogenic mechanism of the coronavirus, it is suggested that cells expressing higher levels of these enzymes and receptors may be more prone to endometrial cancer development. Notably, the cytokine storm and ACE/ACE2 pathway imbalance increase the risk of ovarian cancer. Cervical cells have a low expression of the ACE2 receptor, reducing the likelihood of infection in intraepithelial cervical cells and cervical cancer. Although coronavirus infection and its immunization can lead to vulvar aphthous ulcers, limited research investigates the link between COVID-19 infection, immunization, and vulvar cancer.

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) has different complications, including renal failure, anemia, infections, metabolic complications, and skeletal problems. Hypercalcemia is the most common metabolic complication, and the presence of hypercalcemia indicates worse outcomes. Aims: The study aims to examine outcomes such as hospitalization costs, length of stay, survival rates, and the incidence of complications of hypercalcemia in multiple myeloma patients admitted in the United States from 2017 to 2020. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis using the National Inpatient Sample database to determine the incidence of hypercalcemia in patients admitted to United States hospitals from 2017 to 2020. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to calculate the odds ratio. We used STATA software 17 to perform the analysis. Results: We found that the total number of patients with MM was 437799, out of which 8.6% had hypercalcemia. The mean age of the patients was 69 years, and hypercalcemia was found to be more common in males (55%) than females (45%). The presence of hypercalcemia was also associated with increased mortality (adjusted odds ratio 1.3, p-value 0.00). It was also seen that MM patients who had hypercalcemia had a higher risk of complications, including acute kidney injury (OR 3, p<0.05), hyperkalemia (OR 1.8, p-value <0.05), metabolic acidosis (1.4, p-value <0.05), spinal cord compression (OR 0.9, p-value >0.05), increased length of stay (OR 3, p-value <0.05), and higher cost of hospitalizations (p-value <0.05). Conclusion: The data is also limited to the demographic characteristics, impact, and outcomes of hypercalcemia on patients with MM. This study contributes valuable insights into the clinical implications of hypercalcemia in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). It fills existing gaps in the literature by utilizing a large population-based dataset.

Thymic neuroendocrine tumors are rare malignant tumors with neuroendocrine functions located in the anterior mediastinum thymic region. They exhibit a high degree of malignancy and can early invade surrounding fat,pericardium, pleura, major blood vessels, and lungs,posing a significant risk of recurrence.Here, we report a case of recurrent thymic cancer treated with complete surgical resection, replacement of the innominate vein, superior vena cava formation, and iodine ion insertion.A 51-year-old male diagnosed with stage lllA malignant thymoma in November 2021, accompanied by lymph node metastasis,involving the peripheral left lung.The patient underwent six cycles of adjuvant immunotherapy with pembrolizumab and cisplatin plus etoposide, along with one course of radiotherapy postoperatively.Subsequently, the patient received regular immunotherapy and follow-up at our hospital. In October 2023,chest CT revealed tumor recurrence, with infiltration into the pericardium, bilateral innominate veins, superior vena cava, and brachiocephalic artery.Subsequently, the patient underwent a midline thoracotomy for extensive resection of recurrent thymic tumor,enlargement of pericardial resection, left innominate vein-to-right atrial artificial grafting,superior vena cava formation,and iodine-125radioisotope brachytherapy.Aggressive surgical intervention combined with adjuvant therapy is an essential treatment modality for locally advanced thymic cancer involving the superior vena cava and surrounding blood vessels.

Objective: Biliary Tract Cancer (BTC) is a significant health concern with limited resectable cases. This meta-analysis assessed the safety of triplet regimens for advanced BTC, specifically gemcitabine, cisplatin, nab-paclitaxel, and gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, erlotinib, along with their associated adverse events. Method: Following PRISMA guidelines, we systematically reviewed PubMed/Medline, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library from inception to November 2022. Results: Our analysis of 5 studies favored Gem+Cisplatin+nab-Paclitaxel over GEMOX-T in terms of safety and adverse events. Qualitative analysis of 7 studies (491 patients) showed that Gem+Cisplatin+nab-Paclitaxel also outperformed in median overall survival, progression-free survival, and response rates. Conclusion: This study suggests that Gem+Cisplatin+nab-Paclitaxel is a safer and more effective treatment than GEMOX-T for advanced BTC. It exhibits superior outcomes in terms of survival and response rates. Further research should focus on optimizing treatment regimens to reduce adverse effects in advanced BTC patients.

Background: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is one of the most important hematological malignancies caused by the HTLV-I virus. The disease has a poor prognosis due to the low median survival of the patients. Aim: Given the need for effective therapeutic interventions, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Hyper-CVAD and As/IFN/AZT regimens and compare their performance. Methods and Results: This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on individuals recently diagnosed with acute ATL. Individuals who tested positive in a HTLV-I serological test based on ELISA and/or PCR were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either Hyper-CVAD or As/IFN/AZT using block randomization. The drug regimens were administered for 60 days, and patients underwent follow-up assessments. Overall, 29 individuals were enrolled in the trial. No significant differences were found in gender distribution, LDH levels, and lymphocyte counts between the two groups (P-value>0.05). The treatment response rates for the Hyper-CVAD and As/IFN/AZT regimens were 46.67% and 35.71%, respectively, with no significant differences between the two groups (P-value >0.05). Survival analysis revealed a significant difference in survival between the two groups, favoring those under the Hyper-CVAD regimen (P-value<0.05). The predominant toxicities were hematological toxicities; one patient in the Hyper-CVAD group experienced Grade 3 toxicity, while three patients in the As/IFN/AZT group experienced Grade 3 toxicity. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest no significant differences in efficacy between the Hyper-CVAD and As/IFN/AZT regimens. Additionally, higher toxicity rates were observed in the As/IFN/AZT regimen. Further investigations into frontline treatments and the timing of the As/IFN/AZT regimen in future studies may provide valuable insights in this regard. Clinical Trial Registration: IRCT20210703051770N1.

Ewing sarcoma is a rare primary mesenchymal tumor of the bone that requires an intensive multimodal therapeutic approach. Multidrug chemotherapy regimens are also the backbone for relapsing/recurring Ewing sarcoma treatment, yet when relapse occurs as bone marrow infiltration, combination chemotherapy might be difficult to be administered and prognosis is poor. This report describes the case of a 22-year-old patient with Ewing sarcoma who developed severe pancytopenia due to bone marrow infiltration, who was treated with high-dose continuous infusion ifosfamide, obtaining both clinical, radiological and hematological response lasting for about 7 months.

Objective: In this article, we review the clinical data of a case involving chemotherapy-induced bone marrow suppression complicated by pyogenic liver abscess, leading to endogenous endophthalmitis (EE). By consulting the relevant literature, we comprehensively analyse and summarise the information, ultimately offering diagnostic and therapeutic insights for similar cases. Methods: This article presents the case of a 65-year-old female patient with breast cancer who developed bone marrow suppression during postoperative chemotherapy. Imaging examinations revealed the presence of a pyogenic liver abscess, and the patient subsequently experienced visual impairment. Following a thorough examination, the diagnosis indicated secondary EE resulting from a pyogenic liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Upon hospitalisation, the patient underwent treatment with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) to stimulate bone marrow haematopoiesis and she also received comprehensive systemic anti-infective therapy. Additionally, a pyogenic liver abscess drainage procedure was performed, coupled with intravitreal injection of antibiotics into the vitreous cavity of the affected eye. Results: After comprehensive systemic and local treatments, the patient’s laboratory parameters normalised. The volume of the pyogenic liver abscess reduced noticeably, allowing for the removal of the drainage tube. At the time of discharge, there was a reduction in intraocular inflammation. Nevertheless, complete loss of vision persisted in the affected eye. Conclusion: In patients with bone marrow suppression following chemotherapy, it is crucial to conduct liver imaging examinations to promptly exclude the possibility of bacterial pyogenic liver abscess. To prevent serious complications such as EE leading to blindness, timely pyogenic liver abscess drainage procedures must be performed. Administering antibiotics empirically for comprehensive systemic anti-infective therapy, along with localised ocular treatment, is also essential. This approach preserves vision as much as possible and enhances the overall prognosis for patients

Meningeal metastases (LM) are a common complication of malignant tumors that progress rapidly and have a poor prognosis. Meningeal metastasis may be a combination of intracellular and extracellular factors. The linkage between the C3 signaling pathway and the EGFR ligand regulatory protein pathway may be one of the reasons why NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations are prone to brain/meningeal metastasis. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology is the gold standard for diagnosing meningeal metastases. There are various clinical treatment options, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy, and so on. The incidence rate of meningeal metastatic carcinoma is increasing year by year. This article reviews the research progress in pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of meningeal metastatic carcinoma of lung cancer.