Particle accelerators at CERN and worldwide use fast pulsed magnet systems (kickers) for beam injection, extraction, and disposal. These systems operate at high voltages (up to 80 kV) and currents (up to 30 kA) with risetimes as fast as 10 ns, producing pulses comparable to lightning strikes in terms of current amplitude, length, and spectrum. This paper presents a novel active electromagnetic interference (EMI) compensation method to address the EMI challenges inherent in these systems. The proposed method involves inducing a counter voltage into the coaxial transmission lines, effectively neutralizing voltage differences caused by the finite conductivity in the return conductors and connectors. Simulations and experimental results demonstrate significant reduction in EMI.

ABSTRACT This is the abstract of our nice paper that will describe the requirements and design concepts of a detector for the FCC-ee accelerator. To do match the fabulous statistical precision of the FCC-ee extremely good detector performnace is required. The detector features a 2 T solenoidal field, will have a ultralight silicon vertex detetor, a large gas drift volume, and electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeter sections. Details will be given also on the luminosity measurement.

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Hey, welcome. Double click anywhere on the text to start writing. In addition to simple text you can also add text formatted in BOLDFACE, _italic_, and yes, math too: E = mc²! Add images by drag’n’drop or click on the “Insert Figure” button.

This position paper presents a case for the worldwide community of school-based and citizen-science projects collecting data from cosmic rays to curate their datasets on a dedicated repository, sharing the datasets under an open licence to enable their re-use to the maximum extent possible. We present some of the challenges in facilitating such a migration of datasets, but argue that the advantages of doing so make the efforts worth it.

An outreach programme centred around nuclear physics making use of a LEGO Mindstorm kit is presented. It consists in a presentation given by trained undergraduate students as science ambassadors followed by a workshop where the target audience manipulates the LEGO Mindstorm robots to familiarise themselves with the concepts in an interactive and exciting way. This programme has been coupled to the CERN-ISOLDE 50th anniversary and the launch of the CERN-MEDICIS facility in Geneva, Switzerland. The modular aspect of the programme readily allows its application to other topics.

MOTIVATIONS FOR ANALYSIS PRESERVATION AND REPRODUCIBILITY The reproducibility of published results is one of the cornerstones of the scientific method: if a group of scientists have discovered something genuinely new about the world, another group should be able to follow their methodology and reproduce the result.[1] This fact is generally acknowledged by both individual scientists and funding agencies. Indeed the ability or otherwise of scientists to reproduce each other’s work is itself an active field of research . These considerations apply to High Energy Physics (HEP) as much as to any other field. However, some of the specific features of HEP mean that reproducibility in HEP takes on significantly different forms to reproducibility in many other fields. First of all, the scale, cost, and construction time of HEP experiments means that it is rarely possible for a new group of physicists to build a dedicated experiment simply to reproduce an existing result, however interesting it may be. Secondly, the size of HEP collaborations means that there are generally several quasi-independent[2] groups of scientists working on any given analysis, and as part of this work naturally trying to reproduce and improve upon each other’s work. For these reasons, analysis reproducibility in the HEP context has certain specific features, and addresses several knowledge-transfer problems that occur at very different time-scales. In particular, because the detector and analysis documentation internal to the collaboration can stretch to thousands of pages, it is not possible to fully describe HEP analyses in even the most verbose journal paper in a way which would allow them to be reproduced later. For this reason, analysis reproducibility in HEP is inextricably linked to the _preservation_ of analysis datasets and code, in a way which is not true of many other scientific fields. The problems addressed by analysis preservation and reproducibility in HEP are Collaborative working: The use of an integrated analysis preservation framework allows all members of the analysis team to have access to the full software suite. This encourages continuous development and integration, gaining time by not having to “wait” for other analysts to have finished their contribution. A significant benefit will be that new students will get running examples of analysis code when they join an analysis or continue work from their predecessors. This will improve their learning experience and get them faster into a productive state. Knowledge preservation during review: On several occasions, changes requested by reviewers caused significant problems as part of the analysis procedures have been lost. The delay in the Δmd analysis between the conference note  and the paper  was an example. Knowledge transfer to other analysis teams: When updating an analysis, the first task is to restore the analysis framework of the previous iteration. This should be painless, but often is not. Considerable time was for instance wasted re-implementing Bs → μ+μ− analysis software of Ref.  when preparing for Ref. . The same applies to groups performing similar analyses. Many effort is spent in LHCb re-implementing tools that could be shared. This should be particularly encouraged for analyses where a control (or signal) mode is shared. It is not rare that comparing results that appear inconsistent is more complicated than it should. The comparison of Refs.  and  on B → K+π−μ+μ− decays is a recent example resulting in the need to publish an erratum . Knowledge transfer to “future generations”: While this is the initial motivation of analysis preservation, we have no LHCb experience yet. Yet there are many examples in the past of analyses that were difficult to replicate. In some cases, the use of RECAST  or similar frameworks allowing tests of new models is also desirable. Having introduced the problem, Sec. [sec:preservation] will now define the scope of what we mean by analysis preservation, before Sec. [sec:cernanapresinfra] introduces the CERN infrastructure dedicated to analysis preservation and reproducibility. Section [sec:roadmap] presents a set of best practices for analysis preservation. We also point out the benefits an analysis team gains from the adoption of those practices for their day-to-day business during the development and review of an analysis. Finally Sec.  [sec:techniques] contains recommendations, which technologies and tools should be used to implement the outlined practices. These recommendations are based on an extensive evaluation of different technologies by representatives of the physics working groups and take into account the global CERN strategy for analysis preservation. [1] Here and throughout we are primarily concerned with the reproducibility of experimental results, although there are theoretical domains, particularly those involving large-scale computing like Lattice QCD, where similar considerations may apply. [2] All work within HEP collaborations relies on shared analysis and detector calibration tools, and in this sense analysis groups inside a collaboration can never be truly independent of each other. There is always potential for shared mistaken assumptions to creep in and bias everyone’s work. On the other hand, the international nature of collaborations means that such analysis groups are generally not only fully independent in terms of funding, but have an active interest in finding problems in each other’s work in order to assert their own primacy in front of the outside world.

A future e+e− collider will be capable to show the imprint of composite Higgs scenarios encompassing partial compositeness. Amongst the possible designs of such a machine, a Future Circular Collider of e+e− beams (FCC-ee) has become a frontrunner project in terms of cost effectiveness, precision and search reach . Besides the detailed study of the Higgs boson properties, based upon the analysis of the Bjorken production channel e+e− → ZH at an energy of about 240 GeV, such a machine will have a rich programme also covering top-quark physics (at the energies of 350 to 370 GeV) and revisiting the typical LEP1/SLC and LEP2 energy ranges (from MZ to 2MW) with significantly increased luminosity. Of particular relevance for our purposes is the FCC-ee ability to afford one with a very accurate determination of the top-quark properties, chiefly, its mass, width and couplings to SM objects. This is because the top quark is the natural carrier of New Physics (NP) phenomena associated to the partial compositeness mechanism.

WEEK 01 GOAL OF THE WORK - From the Cross section scan as a function of the energy extract Top mass, width, Yukawa coupling, αs. - Study the effeciency and the background level as a function of the energy - What detector features are most important? (like b-tagging, momentum resolution...which precision do we need?) - Study how much luminosity do we need to scan the cross section and how many point do we need to get - Study how to split the luminosity available at the 4th run between the top mass and the top couplings WHAT WE NEED TO ACHIEVE THIS GOAL - Write down the heppy script to create ntuple and the selection script to reject background. - Generate all the events (signal and bg). WHAT WE DID DURING THIS WEEK - fcc-pythia8 is ready to hadronize lhe files (test with madgraph: ok!, wait for whizard) - completed the missing energy class in the heppy framework - a lot of knowledge concerning the FCC software, but not enough! NEXT STEPS - Make whizard working - Write down an heppy script which finds at least the iso-lepton, the missing energy and reconstruct the w-lep (and the tops?) - Writing down the b-tagging algorithm - Understand how to deal with the beam energy spread (put it inside whizard, but how to take it in account during the calculation of the missing energy-momentum?)

This paper presents early results from research into the attitudes of the particle-physics community towards science communication (specifically, towards "public engagement" or "outreach"). To represent the population of particle-physics researchers, the sample chosen was the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Collaboration, one of the four large collaborations performing research at the Large Hadron Collider located at CERN, the European laboratory for particle physics. Named after the Compact Muon Solenoid particle detector, the collaboration counts among its members over 4000 scientists and engineers from nearly 200 institutes representing more than 40 countries. The paper focuses on analysis of quantitative data, which were collected via an in-depth online survey distributed to the entire CMS Collaboration in early 2015. Over the data-collection period, 391 valid responses were recorded. The results shown here relate to two topics among many covered in the survey: (1) Concerning outreach activities, the majority of the respondents stated that they had participated in some form of outreach in the past. (2) When asked to classify potential audiences, colleagues were ranked as the most important, the most knowledgeable and the easiest to communicate with, when it comes to matters of their (the respondents') research topics. The survey was part of the author's research towards a PhD in Science Communication.

_11/04/2016_ Abbiamo iniziato a dare un’occhiata ai segnali in uscita dagli scintillitori. Sembrano ragionevoli a parte quello del 10 che ciao HOW TO Funziona tutto. La scheda acquisisce e come accenderla c’e’ scritto nel file nella cartella 04

This chapter covers perspectives from the various partners who have worked on the release of large volumes of open research data from the Large Hadron Collider via the CERN Open Data Portal. The early experiences mentioned in the title refer to the launch of the Portal in November 2014 with the release of the first batch of high-level research data collected in 2010 by the CMS Collaboration. The chapter covers the motivation for releasing particle-physics data openly as well as the challenges faced in doing so and solutions developed to facilitate these efforts. The authors also touch upon the use cases of the open datasets and the impact the first release has had.

When the measurements from the FCC-ee become available, an improved determination of the standard-model “input” parameters will be needed to fully exploit the new precision data towards either constraining or fitting the parameters of beyond-the-standard-model theories. Among these input parameters is the electromagnetic coupling constant estimated at the Z mass scale, $(m^2_{\rm Z})$. The measurement of the muon forward-backward asymmetry at the FCC-ee, just below and just above the Z pole, can be used to make a direct determination of $(m^2_{\rm Z})$ with an accuracy deemed adequate for an optimal use of the FCC-ee precision data.

INTRODUCTION The design study of the Future Circular Colliders (FCC) in a 100-km ring in the Geneva area has started at CERN at the beginning of 2014, as an option for post-LHC particle accelerators. The study has an emphasis on proton-proton and electron-positron high-energy frontier machines . In the current plans, the first step of the FCC physics programme would exploit a high-luminosity ${\rm e^+e^-}$ collider called FCC-ee, with centre-of-mass energies ranging from below the Z pole to the ${\rm t\bar t}$ threshold and beyond. A first look at the physics case of the FCC-ee can be found in Ref. . In this first look, the focus regarding top-quark physics was on precision measurements of the top-quark mass, width, and Yukawa coupling through a scan of the ${\rm t\bar t}$ production threshold, with $$ comprised between 340 and 350GeV. The expected precision on the top-quark mass was in turn used, together with the outstanding precisions on the Z peak observables and on the W mass, in a global electroweak fit to set constraints on weakly-coupled new physics up to a scale of 100TeV. Although not studied in the first look, measurements of the top-quark electroweak couplings are of interest, as new physics might also show up via significant deviations of these couplings with respect to their standard-model predictions. Theories in which the top quark and the Higgs boson are composite lead to such deviations. The inclusion of a direct measurement of the ttZ coupling in the global electroweak fit is therefore likely to further constrain these theories. It has been claimed that both a centre-of-mass energy well beyond the top-quark pair production threshold and a large longitudinal polarization of the incoming electron and positron beams are crucially needed to independently access the ttγ and the ttZ couplings for both chirality states of the top quark. In Ref. , it is shown that the measurements of the total event rate and the forward-backward asymmetry of the top quark, with 500${\rm fb}^{-1}$ at $=500$GeV and with beam polarizations of ${\cal P} = \pm 0.8$, ${\cal P}^\prime = \mp 0.3$, allow for this distinction. The aforementioned claim is revisited in the present study. The sensitivity to the top-quark electroweak couplings is estimated here with an optimal-observable analysis of the lepton angular and energy distributions of over a million events from ${\rm t\bar t}$ production at the FCC-ee, in the $\ell \nu {\rm q \bar q b \bar b}$ final states (with $\ell = {\rm e}$ or μ), without incoming beam polarization and with a centre-of-mass energy not significantly above the ${\rm t\bar t}$ production threshold. Such a sensitivity can be understood from the fact that the top-quark polarization arising from its coupling to the Z is maximally transferred to the final state particles via the weak top-quark decay ${\rm t \to W b}$ with a 100% branching fraction: the lack of initial polarization is compensated by the presence of substantial final state polarization, and by a larger integrated luminosity. A similar situation was encountered at LEP, where the measurement of the total rate of ${\rm Z} \to \tau^+\tau^-$ events and of the tau polarization was sufficient to determine the tau couplings to the Z, regardless of initial state polarization . This letter is organized as follows. First, the reader is briefly reminded of the theoretical framework. Next, the statistical analysis of the optimal observables is described, and realistic estimates for the top-quark electroweak coupling sensitivities are obtained as a function of the centre-of-mass energy at the FCC-ee. Finally, the results are discussed, and prospects for further improvements are given.

INTRODUCTION Le théorème de Pythagore est un théorème de géométrie euclidienne qui énonce que dans un triangle rectangle (qui possède un angle droit) le carré de la longueur de l’hypoténuse (côté opposé à l’angle droit) est égal à la somme des carrés des longueurs des deux autres côtés. Ce théorème est nommé d’après Pythagore de Samos, mathématicien, philosophe et astronome de la Grèce antique.

The uncertainty in time of particle detection within a scintillator detector, characterised by the coincidence time resolution (CTR), is explored with respect to the interaction position within the scintillator crystal itself. Electronic collimation between two scintillator detectors is utilised to determine the CTR with depth of interaction (DOI) for different materials, geometries and wrappings. Significantly, no relationship between the CTR and DOI is observed within experimental error. Confinement of the interaction position is seen to degrade the CTR in long scintillator crystals by 10%.

INTRODUCTION The Higgs boson with mass around 125 GeV recently discovered by the ATLAS and CMS experiments  at the LHC is found to have properties compatible with the Standard Model predictions , as shown for example in Fig. [fig:ellis] . Coupled with the absence of any other indication so far for new physics at the LHC, be it either through precision measurements or via direct searches, this fundamental observation seems to push the energy scale of any physics beyond the Standard Model above several hundred GeV. The higher-energy LHC run, which is expected to start in 2015 at $ \sim 13$-14 TeV, will extend the sensitivity to new physics to 1 TeV or more. Fundamental discoveries may therefore be made in this energy range by 2017-2018. Independently of the outcome of this higher-energy run, however, there must be new phenomena, albeit at unknown energy scales, as shown by the evidence for non-baryonic dark matter, the cosmological baryon-antibaryon asymmetry and non-zero neutrino masses, which are all evidence for physics beyond the Standard Model. In addition to the high-luminosity upgrade of the LHC, new particle accelerators will be instrumental to understand the physics underlying these observations.