There is an urgent need for targeted and effective COVID-19 treatment. A number of medications, including hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, lopinavir-ritonavir, fapiravir, and tocilizumab, have been identified as potential treatments for COVID-19. Bringing these repurposed medications to the public for COVID-19 will require robust and high-quality clinical trials. This article reviews translational science principles and strategies for conducting clinical trials in a pandemic and evaluates recent trials for each drug candidate. We hope that this knowledge will help focus efforts during this crisis and lead to the expedited development and approval of COVID-19 therapy.