Neuraxial modulation therapies, such as stellate ganglion block, thoracic epidural anesthesia, and cardiac sympathetic denervation, are effective for ventricular arrhythmias. However, these treatments are invasive and can increase the risk of bleeding and infection. In this case report, stellate ganglion phototherapy (SGP) was safely and effectively performed for refractory ventricular tachycardia in patients with a history of cardiac resynchronization therapy-defibrillator (CRT-D) and left ventricular assist device (LVAD) implantation for dilated cardiomyopathy. SGP might have the potential to treat refractory ventricular arrhythmias and can be useful because of its safety and simplicity.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) with apical aneurysm (AA) is rare, but have been reported to be associated with refractory ventricular tachycardias (VTs). Majority of such cases had a central isthmus of the reentry circuit on the border zone of AA. In this report, we describe a rare case of the successful epicardial ablation for a refractory VT originating from a true apex of the aneurysm in a HCM patient. Mid-diastolic potential during sustained VT was recorded at the isolated epicardial myocardium surround by the gross unexcitable scar in AA, and radiofrequency current application rendered VT non-inducible.