not-yet-known not-yet-known not-yet-known unknown Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA), which is one of the respiratory complications of cystic fibrosis, is a hypersensitivity reaction in the lung against the antigens of the fungus Aspergillus fumigatus ( A.fumigatus). If left untreated, it may cause irreversible deteriorations in lung functions. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of ABPA, according to years and to determine the risk factors leading to the development of ABPA by using the CF Registry System of Turkey data. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective cohort study. Using the CF Registry System of Turkey data, the incidence of ABPA was determined and the data of 44 patients newly diagnosed with ABPA in 2022 and 132 patients with similar mutation weight and age range without ABPA diagnosis in that year were compared, and the risk factors affecting the development of ABPA were determined. Results: Low pulmonary function test values, having had at least one pulmonary exacerbation in that year and receiving intravenous antibiotic treatment, using inhaled antibiotics, having a high number of pulmonary exacerbations, having Pseudomonas aeroginosa (P.aeroginosa) colonization, having a low body mass index (BMI) and having cystic fibrosis related diabetes mellitus (CFRD) were found to be among the risk factors for the development of ABPA. Conclusions: Early recognition and treatment of ABPA is essential to prevent further damage to the lungs. Patients with frequent pulmonary exacerbations, low BMI and low pulmonary function test values, chronic colonization should definitely be considered for ABPA.

Introduction:Community-acquired pneumonia(CAP) in children has tended to decrease in recent years with effective vaccination and treatments.However,the frequency of complicated community-acquired pneumonia (CCAP) is gradually increasing.By determining risk factors for the development of CCAP,new approaches for early diagnosis and effective treatment can be determined. Method: Records of 113 patients who were hospitalized due to CAP and CCAP between January 2017 and December 2017 were examined.Demographic characteristics of the patients,comorbid diseases,admission symptoms,physical examination findings,laboratory and imaging results, treatments, hospital stay and treatment response were recorded. Pleural effusion,if empyema developed in patients with CCAP,thoracentesis and/or chest tube insertion,fibrinolytic therapy,and the need for additional surgical intervention were investigated. Results:Our patients had a mean age of 3.6 ± 2.2, 60(53%) were female and 53(47%) were male.93 (82.3%) of the patients were diagnosed with CAP and 18(15.9%) were diagnosed with CCAP.Detection of pleural effusion at the admission of patients in multivariate logistic regression[(OR (95% CI),4.24 (1.77-10.16), p <0.001)] respiratory distress(tachypnea and retraction)[(OR (95% CI) 3.04 (1.30-7.130) ),p <0.001)] and hypoxia (92% and less saO2 measured by pulse oximeter) at admission [(OR (95% CI),: 5.247 (1.58-9.46),p <0.001)] were identified as independent risk factors for diagnosis of CCAP. Discussion:Hypoxia,respiratory distress and imaging pleural effusion are important distinguishing findings for development of complications in patients admitted for CAP. Determining the etiology of CCAPs and early diagnosis and treatment approaches can be established, and protection measures can be taken. With future prospective studies, the causes of CCAP can be determined and preventive measures and new treatment approaches can be developed

Objectives: To evaluate the risk factors of recurrent pulmonary exacerbation and poor prognosis in children with idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis (IPH).  Methods: In this multicenter study, 54 patinets with diagnosis of IPH included. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed from three tertiary care hospitals between 1979 and 2019. Also, current information and the long-term progress of patients was determined by contacting the families by telephone. Results: A total of 54 children were included. The median age of onset of symptoms was 4.5 ± 3.8 years. The median time from onset to diagnosis was 0.9 years ± 2.2. The mean number of recurrent episodes per child in the recurrence-positive group was 3.55 (1-15). Univariate analysis demonstrated that patients presenting with hypoxia or requiring transfusion at the time of presentation had significantly more recurrence episodes (P=0.002). Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of hypoxia at the time of initial presentation was a significant independent predictor of recurrent episodes (P=0.027). The median follow-up was 3.3 ± 4.8 years (0.75 months-27 years). There was a significant relationship between the presence of hypoxia, transfusion history, ANA positivity, and elevated transaminases at the time of initial evaluation and treatment response. Conclusions: The present study provides important information on the clinical course and outcome of pediatric IPH, and substantial information regarding factors that affect recurrent exacerbations and prognosis. Demonstrating of hypoxia as an independent risk factor in recurrence episodes could be guide physicians in the planning of treatment strategies.