Clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 pneumonia patients
from an intensive care unit in Faisalabad, Pakistan
Abstract
Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes of severe
COVID-19 adult patients, with the exploration of risk factors for
mortality in the hospital. Methods: This study included 20 adult
patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in the ICU of DHQ Hospital Faisalabad
(Pakistan) and were categorized into the survival group and death group
according to the outcome. We retrieved demographics, clinical
manifestations and signs, laboratory indicators, treatment measures, and
clinical outcomes from the medical record, and summarized the clinical
characteristics and outcomes of these patients. Results: The average age
of patients was 70 ± 12 years, of which 40% were male. They were
admitted to the ICU 11 days after the onset of symptoms. The most common
symptoms on admission were cough (19 cases, 95%), fatigue or myalgia
(18 cases, 90%), fever (17 cases, 85%), and dyspnea (16 cases, 80%).
Eleven (55%) patients had underlying diseases, of which hypertension
was the most common (11 cases, 55%), followed by cardiovascular disease
(4 cases, 20%), and diabetes (3 cases, 15%). Six patients (30%)
received invasive mechanical ventilation and continuous renal
replacement therapy and eventually died. Acute heart injury was the most
common complication (19 cases, 95%). Ten (50%) patients died between 2
and 19 days after admission to the ICU. Compared to dead patients, the
average body weight of surviving patients was lower (61.70± 2.36 vs
68.60±7.15, P = 0.01), Glasgow Coma Scale score was higher (14.69±0.70
vs 12.70±2.45, P = 0.03), with fewer concurrent shocks (2 vs 10, P =
0.001) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (2 vs 10, P = 0.001).
Conclusion: The mortality rate is high in patients with critical
COVID-19 disease. Lower Glasgow Coma Scale, higher body weight, and
decreased lymphocyte count appear to be potential risk factors for the
death of COVID-19 patients in the ICU.