The proliferation of Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced numerous security challenges in data exchange and authentication. This paper introduces an innovative multilayer authentication system for IoT devices integrated with a permissioned Blockchain framework. Our approach strategically employs signature-based authentication at the chaincode level, significantly enhancing the security and integrity of IoT data exchange. In the course of experimental implementation and evaluation, which includes rigorous real-world attack testing and an OpenVAS vulnerability assessment, we demonstrate the robustness of the proposed model in facilitating seamless data sharing and updates across the network, all while ensuring optimal response times. Key performance metrics, including latency and throughput, validate the efficiency of the system. The Authentication Success Rate evaluation affirms the accuracy and resilience of our authentication mechanism. This research not only underscores the feasibility of deploying our model in real-world scenarios but also emphasizes the critical considerations of network infrastructure and practical deployment. The study contributes significantly to advancing the field of secure and reliable IoT data exchange, laying the foundation for the development of more resilient and trusted IoT ecosystems.