Background: The objective of this study was to measure the knowledge, attitudes and behaviors about Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and HPV vaccine and to detect the HPV vaccination status of medical school students. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on students in a medical school. A sociodemographic data form and HPV Knowledge Scale were used in the study. Statistical analysis was done with the SPSS program for Windows Version 25 using chi-square, independent samples t-test, one-way test ANOVA and Pearson correlation. Frequencies and measures of a central distribution represented data. A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistical significance, with a 95% CI. Results: Of the 518 students who participated in the study, 57.9% were women, and 61.6% were preclinical students. Rates of smoking (p=0.018) and alcohol consumption (p=0.001) and sexual activity status (p<0.001) were significantly higher in male than in female students. Only 2.3% of participants reported having received the HPV vaccination. Age (p<0.001), gender (p=0.017), and nationality (p=0.045) were found to have a significant effect on student receipt of HPV vaccine. HPV knowledge level was higher among those who were female (p=0.004), studied in a clinical class (p<0.001), were sexually active (p<0.001), could easily talk about sexuality in the family (p=0.027), and had obtained their knowledge from school (p<0.001) and medical personnel (p<0.001). Conclusion: The HPV knowledge level of medical students was moderate compared to the literature. While the vaccination rate was consistent with the Turkish data, it was significantly lower than the international literature. Increasing the knowledge level of medical students is crucial as they can influence other peers through peer education. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve the knowledge level and vaccination rate in medical schools, both in the curriculum and in extracurricular activities.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate maternity leave from the point of view of physician fathers and examine the factors that affect their support for their colleagues. Methods: This is a descriptive research study with a self-report online survey design and was conducted among a social media group. A 20-item data-collecting tool used in this study consisted of four parts—demographic data section, questions about participant’s job, questions pertaining to his wife’s breastfeeding, and questions regarding his opinions and attitudes toward his female physician colleagues. Results: Of the total, 45.5% of the participants stated that they faced difficulties, as their female physician colleagues were on breastfeeding leave. Moreover, 60.3% of the participants asserted that they have always been supportive of their colleagues with regard to using breastfeeding leave. Furthermore, we noted an increase in the number of night shifts (negatively) and supportive attitude toward the spouse (positively) and that the status of the spouse using breastfeeding leaves (positively) affected the male physician’s supportive attitude toward their female physician colleagues. Conclusion: The physician fathers wanted to support their colleagues in using their breastfeeding leave; however, they faced an increasing amount of workload. Although it is obvious how important it is for mothers to use maternity leave, the health of the remaining workers should not be ignored.

Background: To determine the frequency of breastfeeding of mothers working in primary care, the differences between different employment groups, and the effective factors. Methods: This descriptive research study was conducted with a self-report online survey design. The snowball sampling method was used for the sample selection, and 151 family physicians and 126 family health professionals were included in the study during the research period (June 2019-December 2019). A 35-item survey was used to collect data. The response rate was 44.9% (49.5% family physicians/40.3% family health professionals). Results: The mean duration of exclusive breastfeeding was 3.9 ± 2.0 months, and the mean duration of total breastfeeding was 16.7 ± 8.5 months. There was no significant difference between the family physicians and family health professionals in terms of exclusive breastfeeding (P = 0.580) and total breastfeeding (P = 0.325) durations. The most common reasons for weaning was reduced milk supply (25.6%) and not being able to use breastfeeding leave (23.1%) due to problems at work. Of the sample, 41.3% had problems with their co-workers and 41.9% had problems related to patient care when taking breastfeeding leave. Working in a baby-friendly center (P = 0.010), prolonged exclusive breastfeeding (P < 0.001), and increased hours of breastfeeding leave taken (P = 0.001) had a positive effect on breastfeeding for ≥24 months while experiencing problems with co-workers in taking breastfeeding leave (P = 0.023) had a negative effect on this variable. Conclusions: All of the factors that were determined to affect the continuation of breastfeeding for ≥24 months are modifiable. It is very important for relevant authorities to undertake necessary action to improve the conditions of working mothers based on these results. Health professional that can maintain the balance between family and work will work more efficiently.