A 69-year-old man presented with bloody pleural fluid effusion with elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels obtained by thoracentesis. The patient’s condition rapidly declined, and he died. An autopsy revealed primary lung choriocarcinoma. The early diagnosis of choriocarcinoma based on β-hCG levels in pleural fluid may be possible.

A 48-year-old woman, considered as a close contact of her husband who was diagnosed with COVID-19. She was clinically diagnosed with COVID-19-related pneumonia because of a positive antibody test. Her BALF contained an elevated lymphocyte fraction, which might explain why steroids are effective against COVID-19-related pneumonia.