In the upcoming epochs, conventional energy may deplete soon. Thus, the use of conventional energy in the power industries need to be supplemented by non-conventional energy resources. This would result in loss of synchronisms in the power grids owing to the fact that solar and wind alternate their attributes expeditiously with change in atmospheric phenomenon. To ameliorate frequency deviation within a specific range automatic generation control (AGC) implements forced allowance on system operation. A three area thermal with photovoltaic (PV), electric vehicle (EV), wind system is considered under deregulated environment to develop and to judge the efficacy of newly developed cascade fractional order hybrid controller combination of (FOTID & 3DOF-PID). Comparing the aforementioned controller to other controllers such as the three degree of freedom proportional-integral-derivative (3DOF-PID), the fractional order tilt-integral-derivative (FOTID), and the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) justifies the system’s effectiveness. This assessment has been accomplished by a trendy optimization technique such as hybrid whale optimization algorithm (HWOT). However, the main intent of this write-up is to fabricate a cascade fractional order (CC-FO) hybrid controller that would act as the new control mechanism for the proposed system under deregulated scenario. It has been found that the suggested CC-FO hybrid controller stabilises the system ( i.e., Under step load disruptions, frequency deviation and tie-line power become zero) in the shortest amount of time possible. Additionally, it is seen that the recommended controller can control a wide range of nominal loading circumstances and system characteristics, demonstrating its robustness.

In recent decades, renewable energy has emerged as one of the most promising alternatives to traditional energy sources for long-term, uninterrupted power supply. Engineers face numerous challenges when replacing renewable energy with con ventional energy because the characteristics of solar and wind generation rapidly fluctuates with environmental conditions, resulting in large synchronizing imbal ances between different units with system delays or communication delays in large electrical grids. They want to leverage computation delay margin to build a control mechanism that can handle a wide range of time delays (MADB). The authors of this article concentrate on the effects of the fractional integral order (FOI) on the stable parameter space for the regulation of a hybrid renewable energy based dis tributed system (DGS) in three-area AGC configuration. By altering the fractional order range, the delay margin () can be expanded, which can help to expand the stability region of a time delayed system. The stable parameter spaces of the con troller are computed stability boundary based on the fractional integral order and time delay ( ) values, and the present authors have developed asymptotic bode plot of time delayed Fractional-order proportional integral (FOPI) controller and computing delay margin () using gain margin (GM) and phase margin (PM) for this purpose. Honey badger algorithm (HBA) has been devised for fine-tuning the above-mentioned controller parameters. The controller’s resilience is confirmed in the presence of random load perturbations, nonlinearities, and parameter fluctuation.