Background：Asthma control level is much lower in children. This study aimed to determine the role of small airway function in predicting asthma control in preschool children. Method: In this retrospective cohort study, we enrolled preschool children who initially diagnosed with asthma and followed up 2 to 3 months by pediatric pulmonary physicians. Clinical history and lung function results were collected. Multivariable regression model was applied to determine risk factors in predicting poor asthma control. Results: The cohort study was comprised of 219 preschool children. Sixty-nine of them (31.5%) had poor asthma control. Poor adherence (14.5% vs 6.0%, p=0.038) and severe airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) (20.6% vs 1.6%, p＜0.05) were more common in poor controlled group. Baseline FEV 1% (94.5 vs 101.4, p=0.001), FEF50% (66.1 vs 86.0, p＜0.001), FEF75% (60.9 vs 75.3, p=0.001), FEF25-75% (70.9 vs 86.0, p＜0.001) were significantly lower in poor controlled patients than those of well controlled group. While, FVC% was similar between the two groups (92.4 vs 96.7, p=0.093). Multivariable regression models showed severe AHR (OR 9.500, 95%CI 1.404-64.000, p=0.020), lower baseline FEF50% (OR 0.972, 95%CI 0.950-0.994, p=0.012) were significantly associated with short-term poor asthma control (AUC, 0.740, 95%CI 0.661-0.818). Conclusion: Preschool asthma children with severe AHR and decreased FEF50 were at risk of poor asthma control in next 2 to 3 months.

Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been described to partially overlap with Kawasaki disease (KD) with regard to clinical symptoms, but they are unlikely to share the same disease entity. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to characterize the laboratory parameters of MIS-C compared with those of KD and Kawasaki disease shock syndrome (KDSS). Databases were searched for studies on laboratory parameters of MIS-C (hematology, inflammatory markers, cardiac markers and biochemistry) through May 31, 2021. Twelve studies with 3073 participants yielded 969 MIS-C patients. In terms of hematology, MIS-C patients had lower levels of leukocytes, absolute lymphocyte count and platelet count (PLT) than KD patients and had similar absolute neutrophil count (ANC) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. In terms of inflammatory markers, MIS-C patients had higher levels of C-reactive protein, D-dimer and ferritin than KD patients and had similar levels of procalcitonin and ESR. In terms of cardiac markers, MIS-C patients had higher CPK levels than KD patients. The levels of NT-proBNP, troponin and AST were not significantly different between MIS-C and KD patients. In terms of biochemistry, MIS-C patients had lower levels of albumin, sodium and ALT and higher levels of creatinine than KD patients. In addition, MIS-C patients had lower levels of PLT, Hb and ESR and higher levels of ANC than KDSS patients. Measurement of laboratory parameters might assist clinicians with accurate evaluation of MIS-C and further mechanistic research.