The efficacy and safety of prophylactic antibiotics for post-acute
stroke infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
Background: Infections are common complications after stroke and
associated with unfavorable outcomes. We evaluated the efficacy and
safety of prophylactic antibiotics for post-acute stroke infection.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library, SinoMed,
China National Knowledge Infrastructure, and WanFangData from inception
to February 15th, 2022. We calculated the pooled risk ratio (RR) and
mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence interval (CI), evaluated the
risk of bias and conducted sensitivity analysis with RevMan version
5.4.1 and Stata version 14.0 software. The overall quality of evidence
was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment,
Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Results: Twelve studies
(4809 participants) were included in this meta-analysis. There was no
significant difference in the mortality rate [RR 1.03 (95% Cl:
0.91-1.16)], pneumonia [RR 0.94 (95% CI: 0.79-1.11)], and the
incidence of adverse events between the prophylactic antibiotics and
control groups. Prophylactic antibiotics significantly reduced the
incidence of infections [RR 0.72 (95% Cl: 0.58-0.89)], and urinary
tract infections [RR 0.39 (95% Cl: 0.3-0.49)] in patients with
acute stroke. We performed a subgroup analysis and found a decreasing
trend in pneumonia in patients with early prophylactic use of
antibiotics within 24 hours after admission [RR 0.81 (95%CI:
0.62-1.07)] as compared with those using prophylactic use of
antibiotics within 48 hours after admission [RR 0.94 (95%CI:
0.79-1.11)]. Conclusions: Prophylactic antibiotics did not
significantly reduce the mortality rate and pneumonia in patients with
acute stroke but reduced the incidence of infections and urinary tract
infections.