1. Introduction Schwannomas are the most common tumors of the peripheral nerves, originating from their support cells, the Schwann cells (Knight et al., 2007). They are relatively rare tumors, accounting for around 5% of benign soft tissue tumors in adults (Kransdorf, 1995). The main sites of concentration are the cervical plexus and the peroneal, ulnar and vagus nerves (El Sayed et al., 2020). Most lesions are solitary, asymptomatic, characterized by slow growth and malignant transformation is extremely rare (Woodruff et al., 1994). The definitive treatment for peripheral nerve schwannomas is surgery (Colreavy et al., 2000). However, as it is an intrinsic tumor of the nerve, its removal implies a risk of new neurological deficits (Siqueira et al., 2013). This fact, added to the observation that in around 60% of cases tumor growth is slow, Lubelski et al. (2022) supports conservative management with serial imaging follow-up in certain cases.If, in general, schwannomas are infrequent tumors, the occurrence of this tumor in the cervical portion of the vagus nerve is even less common and, due to its rarity, a frequent subject of case reports (Gilmer-Hill & Kline, 2000). Unlike neural sheath tumors of the extremities, vagus nerve schwannomas occur in a critical area in terms of important anatomical structures that are related to the lesion, such as the internal carotid artery (Sandler et al., 2019). If, on the one hand, this location leads to greater risks of direct injury to these important structures, on the other hand, there is a greater tendency to adopt surgical treatment even in minor and incidental lesions, reducing the morbidity of surgery.In this context, we present the case of a patient with an incidental schwannoma of the cervical portion of the vagus nerve in order to discuss whether, due to the peculiarities of the location of this lesion, early surgery in asymptomatic cases is indicated.