Phytoplankton stoichiometry modulates the interaction between carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus cycles, yet most biogeochemical models represent phytoplankton C:N:P as constants. This simplification has been linked to Earth System Model (ESM) biases and potential misrepresentation of biogeochemical responses to climate change. Here we integrate key elements of the Adaptive Trait Optimization Model (ATOM) for phytoplankton stoichiometry with the Carbon, Ocean Biogeochemistry and Lower Trophics (COBALT) ocean biogeochemical model. Within a series of global ocean-ice-ecosystem retrospective simulations, ATOM-COBALT reproduced observations of particulate organic matter N:P, and compared to static N:P, exhibited reduced phytoplankton P-limitation, enhanced N-fixation, and increased low-latitude export, leading to improved consistency with observations. Two mechanisms together drove these patterns: the growth hypothesis and frugal P-utilization during scarcity. The addition of translation compensation- differential temperature dependencies of photosynthetic relative to biosynthetic processes- led to relatively modest strengthening of N:P variations and biogeochemical responses relative to growth-plus-frugality. Comparison of the multi-mechanism model herein against frugality-only models suggest that both can capture observed N:P patterns and produce qualitatively similar biogeochemical effects. There are, however, quantitative response differences and different responses across N:P mechanisms are expected under climate change- with the growth rate mechanism adding a distinct biogeochemical footprint in highly-productive low-latitude regions. These results suggest that variable phytoplankton N:P makes some biogeochemical processes resilient to environmental changes, and support using dynamic N:P formulations with the ocean biogeochemical component of next generation of ESMs.